不同含水率条件下油茶籽壳穿刺力试验研究  

Experimental Study on Puncture Force of Camellia oleifera Seed Shell under Different Moisture Content

作　　者：盛强 王冠 邓勇杰 赖曲芳[1] 刘木华[1,2] 胡淑芬 肖本贵[1,2] 曹昕奕 廖阳森 曾钰峰 SHENG Qiang;WANG Guan;DENG Yongjie;LAI Qufang;LIU Muhua;HU Shufen;XIAO Bengui;CAO Xinyi;LIAO Yangsen;ZENG Yufeng(College of Engineering Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipments,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学工学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省现代农业装备重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2022年第6期1478-1487,共10页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060362);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2018YFD1000603-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】弹簧针插壳式油茶籽壳清选方法是基于茶籽与茶壳穿刺力的差异,将油茶籽壳混合物通过传送带传送,传送带上方设置有安装了弹簧针的针辊,油茶籽壳混合物经过针辊时,弹簧针会插起茶壳,插起的茶壳会被斜插梳齿板卸下,由此实现对油茶籽壳的清选,该清选方法对茶籽损伤小,清选率高。通过研究不同含水率下茶籽、茶壳穿刺力学性能的差异性,可以为油茶籽、油茶壳的机械化清选提供数据支撑。【方法】以霜降后采摘的“长林4号”油茶鲜果为试验材料,通过自然晾晒获得不同含水率的油茶果。将油茶鲜果按直径大小分为5级,取各级油茶果各3个,对所取油茶果的茶籽(内侧、外侧)、茶壳(茶壳内侧和外侧的头部、腹部、尾部)进行尺寸测量和穿刺力试验,试验共进行9组。【结果】茶壳厚度与茶籽横向尺寸呈正态分布,茶壳各部位穿刺力分布集中在5~10 N,茶籽内侧穿刺力分布集中在12~20 N,茶籽外侧穿刺力分布在15~40 N;在不同含水率条件下,茶籽外侧穿刺力大于茶籽内侧穿刺力;茶壳不同部位的平均穿刺力与油茶果含水率呈负相关,其中茶壳外侧平均穿刺力大于茶壳内侧平均穿刺力;茶籽和茶壳穿刺力差值与油茶果含水率呈正相关。【结论】油茶籽壳混合物清选时,若采用弹簧针插壳式清选方法,其关键工艺参数为:油茶果含水率大于35%,弹簧针的压缩力为10 N;生产中用压缩力为10 N的弹簧针穿刺茶壳,能够快速判断油茶果含水率是否大于45%。结果可为弹簧针插壳式油茶籽壳清选装置研究提供理论和试验依据,为油茶果的全产业机械化加工和副产物高值化应用提供依据。[Objective]Based on the difference of puncture force between tea seed and tea shell,the spring needle inserted shell cleaning method of Camellia oleifera seed shell is to realize the cleaning of Camellia oleifera seed shell by inserting the spring needle into the tea shell.This cleaning method has small damage to tea seeds and high cleaning rate.By studying the difference of puncture force of tea seed and tea shell under different moisture content,we can provide theoretical basis and data support for the mechanized cleaning of Camellia oleifera seed and shell.[Methods]Fresh Camellia oleifera fruits of“Changlin No.4”picked after frost fall were used as experimental materials,and Camellia oleifera fruits with different moisture content were obtained by natural drying.The fresh fruit of Camellia oleifera was divided into five grades according to the diameter,and three Camellia oleifera fruits of each grade were taken.The size measurement and puncture force experiment were carried out on the tea seeds(inner side and outer side)and tea shells(the head,abdomen and tail of the inner and outer sides of the tea shell).A total of 9 groups were tested.[Results]the thickness of the tea shell and the transverse size of the tea seed were normally distributed.The puncture force distribution of each part of the tea shell was concentrated in 5-10 N,the puncture force distribution of the inner side of the tea seed was concentrated in 12-20 N,and the puncture force distribution of the outer side of the tea seed was 15-40 N;Under the condition of different moisture content,the puncture force on the outside of tea seed is greater than that on the inside of tea seed;The average puncture force of different parts of the tea shell was negatively correlated with the water content of Camellia oleifera fruit,and the average puncture force on the outside of the tea shell was greater than that on the inside of the tea shell;There is a positive correlation between the puncture force difference between tea seed and tea shell and the water c

关 键 词：油茶果 茶壳 茶籽 穿刺力 差异性分析 

分 类 号：S226.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S776[农业科学—农业工程]