SiO_(2)气凝胶纤维隔热复合材料的常压制备及性能表征  

Atmospheric Pressure Preparation and Property Characterization of SiO_(2) Aerogel Fiber Thermal Insulation Composites

作　　者：杜翠凤[1] 李利军 王远 常宝孟 王九柱 DU Cuifeng;LI Lijun;WANG Yuan;CHANG Baomeng;WANG Jiuzhu(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《硅酸盐通报》2022年第12期4406-4411,4418,共7页Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society

摘　　要：SiO_(2)气凝胶的力学性能较差,隔热性能较强,为了使其成为良好的隔热材料,本文提出一种SiO_(2)气凝胶纤维隔热复合材料的制备方法。以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,玻璃纤维和陶瓷纤维为增强体,硅烷偶联剂KH550和KH570为纤维处理剂,在常压条件下制备SiO_(2)气凝胶纤维隔热复合材料,并对材料性能进行表征。结果表明:前驱体中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)含量越高,复合材料中SiO_(2)气凝胶导热系数越低,低至0.028 W/(m·K);使用硅烷偶联剂KH550时,基体和纤维之间结合的紧密程度更高;纤维的加入使SiO_(2)气凝胶的力学性能达到很高水平;当前驱体中TEOS与CTAB摩尔比为1∶0.022时,经KH550处理的玻璃纤维/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合材料导热系数为0.054 W/(m·K),力学性能良好,隔热性能最优。SiO_(2)aerogel has poor mechanical properties and strong thermal insulation properties. In order to make SiO_(2)aerogel a good thermal insulation material, a preparation method of SiO_(2)aerogel fiber thermal insulation composites was proposed. SiO_(2)aerogel fiber insulation composites were prepared under atmospheric pressure condition by ethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) as precursor, glass fiber and ceramic fiber as reinforcers, and silane coupling agents KH550 and KH570 as fiber treatment agents, and the material properties were characterized. The results show that the higher the content of hexadecyl trimenthyl ammonium(CTAB) in precursor is, the lower the thermal conductivity of SiO_(2)aerogel in composite is, which can be as low as 0.028 W/(m·K). When using silane coupling agent KH550, the interface bonding strength between matrix and fiber is higher. The mechanical properties of SiO_(2)aerogel reach a high level with the addition of fiber. When the molar ratio of TEOS to CTAB is 1 ∶0.022, the thermal conductivity of glass fiber/SiO_(2)aerogel composites treated with KH550 is 0.054 W/(m·K), the mechanical properties are good, and the thermal insulation property is optimal.

关 键 词：SiO_(2)气凝胶 隔热复合材料 硅烷偶联剂 纤维复合材料 常压干燥 导热系数 力学性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]