非晶态纳米NiO的制备及其对AP和GAP基推进剂的催化性能  

Preparation of Amorphous Nano-NiO and Its Catalytic Performance on AP and GAP Based Propellant

作　　者：宋远航 曲文刚[2] 赵凤起[2] 牛诗尧 陈永 徐抗震[1] SONG Yuan-hang;QU Wen-gang;ZHAO Feng-qi;NIU Shi-yao;CHEN Yong;XU Kang-zhen(School of Chemical Engineering,Northwest University,Xi′an 710069,China;Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学化工学院,陕西西安710069 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2022年第6期841-847,共7页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22175140)。

摘　　要：为了探究具有短程有序、长程无序的非晶态纳米氧化物对含能材料的催化分解性能,以乙酰丙酮镍为原料,通过高温煅烧制备出了非晶态纳米NiO;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、N2吸附-脱附法(BET)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)等研究了其组成、结构及其对高氯酸铵(AP)和GAP基推进剂的催化分解性能。结果表明,非晶态纳米NiO可使AP的热分解峰温由406.4℃降至309.5℃,表观分解活化能由158.17kJ/mol降至129.82kJ/mol,放热量由747.7J/g增至1780J/g;与晶态纳米NiO相比,非晶态纳米NiO使GAP基推进剂的燃速提高了约10%,压力指数降低了约9.7%。To investigate the catalytic decomposition performance of amorphous nano-sized oxides with short-range ordered and long-range disordered for energetic materials,amorphous nano-NiO was prepared by high-temperature calcination using nickel acetylacetonate as the raw material.The composition,structure and its catalytic decomposition properties on ammonium perchlorate(AP)and GAP-based propellant were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),N2adsorption-desorption(BET)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results show that the amorphous nano-NiO can reduce the thermal decomposition peak temperature of AP from 406.4℃to 309.5℃,the apparent activation energy can be reduced from 158.17 kJ/mol to 129.82 kJ/mol,and the heat release increased from 747.7 J/g to 1780 J/g.Compared with crystalline nano-NiO nanoparticles,amorphous NiO increases the burning rate of GAP-based propellant by about 10%and reduces the pressure index by about 9.7%.

关 键 词：物理化学 非晶态 NiO 高氯酸铵(AP) GAP基推进剂 热分解 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]