现代林木育种关键核心技术研究现状与展望  

The key and core technologies for accelerating the tree breeding process

作　　者：陈赢男 韦素云 曲冠正[2] 胡建军[3] 王军辉[3] 尹佟明 潘惠新 卢孟柱 康向阳[5] 李来庚[6] 黄敏仁 王明庥 CHEN Yingnan;WEI Suyun;QU Guanzheng;HU Jianju;WANG Junhui;YIN Tongming;PAN Huixin;LU Mengzhu;KANG Xiangyang;LI Laigeng;HUANG Minren;WANG Mingxiu(Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Biotechnology of Department of Education,College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150006,China;Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics,Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林木遗传与生物技术省部共建教育部重点实验室,南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京210037 [2]东北林业大学,林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150006 [3]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [4]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,浙江杭州311300 [5]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [6]中国科学院上海生命科学研究院,植物生理生态研究所,植物分子遗传国家重点实验室,上海200032

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期1-9,共9页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2200202)。

摘　　要：良种是提升人工林生产力和增强其碳汇能力的重要基础。“林业种质资源培育与质量提升”是国家“十四五”重点研发任务之一。突破制约林木育种效率和遗传增益提升的瓶颈对于保障国家木材安全和实现“双碳”目标具有十分重要的战略意义。由于传统林木育种周期长、效率低、表型选择精度差,以分子育种为代表的现代育种技术可以显著缩短林木育种周期,精准改良目标性状,成为实现高效林木遗传改良的关键途径。笔者分析了限制林木遗传改良进程的主要问题,阐述了全基因组选择育种等现代林木育种关键核心技术的发展现状及应用情况,并对这些技术未来发展方向进行了展望,为加速林木遗传改良的重大技术创新提供参考。Elite cultivars provide important foundations for enhancing carbon sink capacity and increasing the productivity of forest plantations.Forestry germplasm resources breeding and quality improvement has been one of the national key research and development programs during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period in China.For ensuring timber safety and achieving dual-carbon goals,it is strategically important to break through the bottleneck that restricts the increase in breeding efficiency and the genetic gain of forest trees.Due to the long period,low efficiency,and low phenotypic selection accuracy of traditional breeding approaches,modern breeding technologies represented by molecular breeding have become a critical path towards high-efficient genetic improvement of forest trees.This is because it can considerably shorten breeding cycles and improve target traits with precision.This paper analyzed the main problems limiting the genetic improvement of forest trees,reviewed the key and core technologies for accelerating the tree breeding process,such as genomic selection breeding,and further discussed some future perspectives for this area.This review will provide useful information for accelerating the revolution and innovation of genetic improvement in forest trees.

关 键 词：林木育种 全基因组选择育种 双单倍体(DH)系育种 多倍体育种 多基因聚合育种 基因编辑育种 

分 类 号：S722[农业科学—林木遗传育种]