播种方式与缓控释氮肥一次性基施对冬小麦干物质积累转运和产量的影响  

Effects of sowing pattern and one-time application of controlled-release fertilizer on dry matter accumulation,remobilization,and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：华一帆 秦际远 王洁 张秀 初金鹏 郑飞娜 于海涛 贺明荣[1] 代兴龙[1] HUA Yi-fan;QIN Ji-yuan;WANG Jie;ZHANG Xiu;CHU Jin-peng;ZHENG Fei-na;YU Hai-tao;HE Ming-rong;DAI Xing-long(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Weifang,Shandong 261061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]潍坊市农业科学研究院,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第12期2185-2200,共16页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31801298);山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202103);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201705,2016YFD0300403)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同新型缓控释氮肥一次性施用在宽幅播种和常规条播技术下对小麦产量和干物质积累与转运的影响,为小麦生产中缓控释肥的推广应用提供支撑。【方法】于2020—2021年小麦生育季,以冬小麦品种‘泰农18’和‘太麦198’为试材,在山东省泰安市和潍坊市两试验点开展了大田试验。主区设置播种方式常规条播和宽幅播种,副区设置4个肥料处理:常规分次施肥对照(F1)、稳定性氮肥一次性施用(F2)、腐植酸控释掺混氮肥一次性施用(F3)、树脂包膜氮肥与常规尿素7∶3掺混一次性施用(F4)。调查了小麦群体光合速率、干物质积累与转运、花后氮素吸收、产量及产量构成因素等指标。【结果】与常规条播相比,宽幅播种小麦单位面积穗数、花后氮素吸收量、花后群体光合速率、群体光合高值持续期、花后干物质生产量分别平均提高48.0×10^(4)/hm^(2)、12.4 kg/hm^(2)、7.9μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s)、5.6天、920.7 kg/hm^(2),进而产量平均提高了902.6kg/hm^(2)。小麦花后干物质生产量与群体光合高值持续期、群体光合高值持续期与花后氮素吸收量呈显著线性正相关关系。与F1相比,F2、F3和F4处理的花后氮素吸收量、花后群体光合高值持续期和花后干物质生产量均明显降低,但是宽幅播种下3个处理的小麦花后氮素吸收量和花后群体光合高值持续期的降低量分别为21.8kg/hm^(2)和2.6天,均小于对应的常规条播,花后干物质生产量的降低量(631.4 kg/hm^(2))可由其花前干物质向籽粒转运的增加量(551.7 kg/hm^(2))所弥补,进而产量与常规分次施肥持平。常规条播下,F2、F3和F4处理的小麦花后氮素吸收量和花后群体光合高值持续期降低量较大,分别平均为27.2 kg/hm^(2)和4.5天,导致其花后干物质生产量的降低量过高(1054.8 kg/hm^(2)),未能被其花前干物质向籽粒转运的增加量(540.6 kg/hm^(2))所弥补,进而产量【Objectives】We investigated the effect of one-time basal application of controlled-release fertilizers on the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and remobilization of winter wheat,under widebelt sowing and conventional drilling sowing condition,to provide technical support for the labor-cost effective fertilization in winter wheat.【Methods】In the 2020-2021 growing season,field experiments with split design were carried out in Tai’an and Weifang cities,Shandong Province.Two widely planted cultivars,Tainong 18 and Taimai 198,were selected as the experimental materials.The main plots were conventional drilling sowing and wide-belt sowing;and the subplot was four nitrogen fertilizer treatments:conventional urea with multiple application(F1),and stable urea,humic acid blended controlled release nitrogen fertilizer,and resin coated nitrogen fertilizer,denoted as F2,F3,and F4,respectively,with one-time application as basal fertilizer.The net canopy photosynthesis rate,duration of net high photosynthesis rate of wheat canopy(DNHP),dry matter accumulation before and after anthesis(DMAB,DMAA),and remobilization before anthesis(DMRB),grain yield and yield components were investigated.【Results】Compared with conventional drilling sowing,wide belt sowing increased the spikes per unit area,N uptake post anthesis,net canopy photosynthetic rate post anthesis,DNHP post anthesis and DMAA by 48.0×10^(4)/hm^(2),12.4 kg/hm^(2),7.9μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s),5.6 days and 920.7 kg/hm^(2),respectively,and increased the yield by 902.6 kg/hm^(2).Under both sowing patterns,the DMAA was positively and linearly correlated with the DNHP post anthesis,and the latter positively and linearly correlated to the N uptake post anthesis.Compared with F1,the N uptake post anthesis and DNHP post anthesis were significantly decreased under F2,F3,and F4,with the decrement ranging from 21.8 kg/hm^(2) and 2.6 days under wide belt sowing,and27.2 kg/hm^(2),and 4.5 days under conventional drilling sowing,respectively.Under wi

关 键 词：冬小麦 宽幅播种 常规条播 缓控释肥 群体光合高值持续期 干物质积累 干物质运转 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]