适宜施氮量提高棉花氮磷钾养分积累和皮棉产量  

Optimum nitrogen application rate improves the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium and lint yield of cotton

作　　者：冯卫娜 郑苍松 李小飞 孙淼 邵晶晶 李鹏程[1] 董合林[1] FENG Wei-na;ZHENG Cang-song;LI Xiao-fei;SUN Miao;SHAO Jing-jing;LI Peng-cheng;DONG He-lin(Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Anyang,Henan 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第12期2263-2273,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200107);国家现代农业产业技术体系—棉花栽培生理岗位科学家项目(CARS-15-11);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610162022028)。

摘　　要：【目的】棉花是喜磷喜钾作物,适宜的施氮量不仅可以保证棉花的营养生长,还会促进磷、钾的吸收。为此我们研究了中熟和中早熟棉花品种的适宜施氮量。【方法】田间试验于2019—2020年在河南安阳开展。试验采用裂区设计,主区设7个施氮量:0、60、120、180、240、300、360 kg/hm^(2),依次记为N0、N60、N120、N180、N240、N300、N360;副区为黄河流域两个主栽棉花品种冀棉228(中熟)和鲁棉研28号(中早熟)。在棉花采收期,测定了棉花地上部生物量、产量及氮、磷、钾含量,计算氮、磷、钾累积量和皮棉生产效率。【结果】与N0相比,中熟品种冀棉228地上部生物量在施氮0~240 kg/hm^(2)范围内,随施氮量的增加显著增加,施氮量超过240 kg/hm^(2)后生物量不再显著增加;而中早熟品种鲁棉研28号地上部生物量在施氮量超过180 kg/hm^(2)后,就不再显著增加。施氮显著增加了冀棉228和鲁棉研28号地上部的氮、磷、钾累积量,冀棉228分别增加了37.5%、23.5%、29.2%,鲁棉研28号分别增加了47.2%、34.0%、35.5%。鲁棉研28号提高的幅度大于冀棉228。棉花氮、磷、钾积累量的增加65.9%~82.4%是由于地上部生物量的增加,17.6%~34.1%是由于地上部氮、磷、钾含量的增加。冀棉228的单株成铃数和鲁棉研28号的单铃重均随着施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,通过线性加平台模拟得到的两个品种的最高产量施氮量分别为180和188 kg/hm^(2),对应的皮棉产量分别为1661和1538 kg/hm^(2)。氮、磷、钾皮棉生产效率均随施氮量增加而显著降低。磷素、钾素皮棉生产效率与氮素皮棉生产效率呈正相关。产量收获指数与氮、磷、钾的累积量显著负相关,而与氮、磷、钾收获指数间呈显著正相关,可作为肥料利用效率的间接选择指标。【结论】适宜的施氮量可有效提高棉花地上部生物量和氮、磷、钾含量,二者的增加共同提高了棉铃�【Objectives】Nitrogen supply is necessary for the rapid and healthy growth of cotton,however lint cotton production is sensitive to excessive N supply.We investigated the appropriate nitrogen(N)application rates for efficient lint cotton production and nutrient absorption,to provide theoretical basis for efficient yield and nutrient management of cotton.【Methods】A field experiment with split-plot design was conducted in 2019and 2020 in Anyang,Henan Province.The main plot was N application rate:0,60,120,180,240,300,and 360kg/hm^(2);the sub-plot was two cotton cultivars,Jimian228(middle maturity)and Lumianyan28(mid-early maturity),which were the main high-yielding cultivars grown in the areas of the Yellow River Valley.The shoot biomass,yield,and above ground N,P and K contents were determined.【Results】The shoot biomass of Jimian228 increased significantly with the increase of N application rates from 0 to 240 kg/hm^(2),but was not affected by N application rates which exceeded 240 kg/hm^(2).The shoot biomass of Lumianyan28 started decreasing when N application rates exceeded 180 kg/hm^(2).N application significantly increased the accumulation of N,P,and K in the shoots of Jimian228 and Lumianyan28.The increment for Jimian228 were 37.5%,23.5%,and 29.2%,where as for Lumianyan28,it was 47.2%,34.0% and 35.5%,respectively,and Lumianyan28 was higher than in Jimian228.The increase of shoot biomass and NPK concentent contributed 65.9%-82.4% and 17.6%-34.1% to the increase of N,P and K accumulation in cotton shoot.The boll number per plant of Jimian228 and single boll weight of Lumianyan28 initially increased and then decreased with increasing N application rates.Simulated with a linear-plateau model,the optimal N application rates for the two cultivars were 180 kg/hm^(2) and 188 kg/hm^(2),which corresponded with lint yield of 1661 kg/hm^(2) and 1538 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The lint production efficiency of N,P and K generally decreased significantly with increasing N application rates.The lint production efficie

关 键 词：中熟棉花 中早熟棉花 施氮量 产量 养分含量 养分累积量 皮棉生产效率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]