轻度干热风条件下喷施复合寡糖提高冬小麦叶片生理活性和籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性  

Foliar compound oligosaccharide enhances leaf physiology and key enzyme activities of starch synthesis in winter wheat under mild dry-hot wind stress

作　　者：韩燕 徐亚楠 宋吉青[1] 柳斌辉[2] 韩伟 斋藤信 白文波[1] HAN Yan;XU Ya-nan;SONG Ji-qing;LIU Bin-hui;HAN Wei;Saito Makoto;BAI Wen-bo(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Dryland Farming Research,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hengshui,Hebei 053000,China;Shandong General Station of Agricultural Technology,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China;Showa Denko K.K.,Tokyo 105-8518,Japan)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000 [3]山东省农业技术推广总站,济南250100 [4]昭和电工株式会社,日本东京105-8518

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第12期2324-2333,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0197100)。

摘　　要：【目的】植物刺激素寡糖具有提高作物抗逆能力的功效。研究复合寡糖制剂(KROPICO)提高冬小麦抗干热风的能力,为冬小麦干热风灾害化学防控提供技术支撑。【方法】在干热风灾害发生频繁的典型区域—河北省衡水市进行大田试验。试验设置3个寡糖喷施处理,即拔节期喷施1次(BT)、开花期喷施1次(HT)、拔节期和开花期各喷施1次(BTHT);另设拔节期和开花期分别各喷施1次清水(CK)和KH_(2)PO_(4)(CKP),共5个处理。开花30天时测定了旗叶叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、离体叶片失水速率(RWL)、叶面积指数(LAI)和淀粉合成关键酶活性,调查了产量和产量构成因素。【结果】试验期间小麦经历了两次轻度干热风胁迫。与CK相比,BTHT处理的小麦旗叶SPAD和LAI值分别显著增加了12.36%和77.78%;BT与BTHT处理能分别显著降低第一次干热风后旗叶叶片失水速率(RWL)15.08%和21.73%,但在第二次干热风后各处理间无明显差异;HT处理的ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)活性显著提高了16.91%;BTHT处理的束缚态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性分别显著提高了12.28%和12.89%。与CKP相比,BTHT和HT处理的LAI显著增加了49.53%~50.47%,BTHT处理的GBSS和SSS活性分别显著增加了6.30%和9.39%,HT处理的AGPase活性提高了14.41%。与CK相比,除HT处理外,其它制剂处理的小麦产量显著增加了6.69%以上,BTHT处理的小麦千粒重比CK也显著增加了5.09%。两次干热风胁迫下,与其他3个制剂处理相比,BTHT处理显著提升了叶片生理特性、籽粒蔗糖—淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性和冬小麦产量。结合相关分析证实,GBSS和SSS活性与产量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),同时,SPAD、LAI和淀粉合成相关酶活性均与产量正相关,RWL则与产量负相关。【结论】拔节期和开花期两次喷施复合寡糖处理(BTHT)可以提高冬小麦旗叶叶绿素和水分含量,提高淀粉合成酶活性,协同提高小麦灌�【Objectives】Oligosaccharide,a phytohormone,has anti-stress functions.We studied its effect on resistance of winter wheat to dry-hot wind,to provide a chemical way for controlling dry-hot wind disaster.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted in Hengshui,Hebei Province,where winter wheat suffered from dry-hot disaster frequently.Three compound oligosaccharide foliar treatments were set up,as spraying once at jointing stage(BT),once at anthesis stage(HT),and at both jointing and anthesis stage(BTHT),at the same time,tap water(CK)and KH_(2)PO_(4)(CKP)were respectively sprayed at the two stages as controls.At 30 days after anthesis,the flag leaves were sampled for monitoring relative chlorophyll content(SPAD),water loss rate of excised-leaves(RWL),leaf area index(LAI),and the key enzyme activities of starch synthesis;and at harvesting stage,the yield and yield components were investigated.【Results】The winter wheat went through two mild dry-hot wind stresses during the experiment.Compared with CK,BTHT increased the SPAD and LAI of winter wheat significantly by 12.36% and 77.78%;BT and BTHT treatments significantly reduced leaf RWL by 15.08% and 21.73% after the first dry hot wind compared to CK,but there were no significant differences between the treatments after the second dry-hot wind;HT treatment increased the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase)activity by 16.91%,BTHT treatment increased grain starch binding synthase(GBSS)activity by 12.28%,and the soluble starch synthase(SSS)activity by 12.89%.Compared to CKP,LAI was significantly increased by 49.53% to 50.47% under BTHT and HT treatments;HT treatment significantly increased AGPase activity by 14.41%,and BTHT treatment significantly increased GBSS and SSS activities by 6.30% and 9.39%,respectively.Compared with CK,wheat yield was significantly increased by more than 6.69% in all formulation treatments except HT treatment,and wheat thousand grain weight was also significantly increased by 5.09% in BTHT treatment.Under two dry-hot wind stresses,BTHT

关 键 词：冬小麦 复合寡糖 叶绿素含量 离体叶片失水速率 叶面积指数 淀粉合成关键酶 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]