可燃物清理对西昌市森林火灾危险性的影响研究  

Study on effect of fuel clearing on risk of Xichang forest fire

作　　者：高云骥 罗越扬 杨小龙 张玉春[1] Gao Yunji;Luo Yueyang;Yang Xiaolong;Zhang Yuchun(Department of Fire Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Sichuan Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学消防工程系,四川成都611756

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2022年第11期1563-1567,共5页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：四川省科技计划资助(2021YFS0327,2022YFS0533)。

摘　　要：为探究2种常见可燃物(常绿阔叶灌丛和针叶林下枯落物)的清理对凉山州西昌市森林火灾危险性影响,使用FlamMap软件模拟了4种清理办法和未处理的工况,对比分析清理前后的燃烧概率(BP)和平均火焰长度(MFL)变化。模拟结果显示,清理常绿阔叶灌丛和针叶林下枯落物可有效破坏可燃物水平连续性,进而减小西昌市森林火灾的BP和MFL,且环境风速越大,处理效果越明显;清理灌丛的效果明显优于清理针叶林林下枯落物的效果;在蔓延速度大、较易燃的可燃物成片聚集的区域内,BP明显大于周围环境,而且清理处理效果明显较好。因此,部署可燃物清理计划时,应着重关注对杂草灌丛的清理,尤其关注成片存在、水平连续性较大以及一些容易产生着火点的区域。To study the impact of two common kinds of forest fuel clearing(evergreen broad-leaved shrub and coniferous forest litter)on forest fire hazard of Xichang,Liangshan Prefecture,FlamMap was used to simulate four kinds of eliminating methods and untreated conditions.Meanwhile,the changes of burning probability(BP)and mean flame length(MFL)before and after cleaning were compared and analyzed.The simulation results indicated that the strategy of clearing litter under evergreen broad-leaved shrub and coniferous forest can effectively break the horizontal continuity of fuel,which can reduce the BP and MFL of forest fire.The higher the ambient wind speed,the more obvious the treatment effect is.Moreover,the effect of shrub clearing strategy is better than that of coniferous forest litter.In the area where the flammable combustibles cluster together with high spreading speed,BP is evidently larger than that in the surrounding environment,and the clearing effect is manifestly better.Therefore,when deploying a fuel clearing plan,attention should be paid to the reduction of weeds and shrubs,especially in areas where flammable fuel clusters,horizontal continuity is large,and some areas are prone to ignition.

关 键 词：森林火灾 可燃物清理 可燃物管理 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] S762[农业科学—森林保护学]