基于AIS的渤海及其邻近海域捕捞活动聚集区时空特征分析  

Spatiotemporal distribution of fishing grounds in the Bohai Sea and its adjacent waters based on AIS

作　　者：陈仁丽 吴晓青[1,3] 刘柏静 王跃启[1,3] CHEN Renli;WU Xiaoqing;LIU Baijing;WANG Yueqi(Yantai Instiute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai Shandong 264003,China;University of Chinese Academy af Scienes,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Eecological Remediation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai Shandong 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2022年第6期780-789,共10页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900705);国家自然科学基金科技活动项目(42042051);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2020MD014)。

摘　　要：海上船舶自动识别系统(automatic identification system,AIS)的普及应用有助于揭示近岸海域海洋捕捞活动分布及其强度。为掌握渤海及其邻近海域渔船捕捞活动情况,指导海洋捕捞活动管理,基于2014年和2018年的AIS数据,借助机器学习和GIS空间分析技术,绘制捕捞活动聚集区分布图,并分析其时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果显示:1)安装AIS设备的渔船在渤海及其邻近海域捕捞活动聚集区的时空分布变化差异性大,主要分布在烟威近岸和渤海海峡附近,除休渔期外,其占聚集区总面积的比重平均约为52.10%;大规模捕捞活动集中在休渔期后的9—12月,聚集区分布中心随着春、秋、冬季节变化表现出东移的趋势。2)基于相同渔船AIS信息统计发现,2018年捕捞活动聚集区相较于2014年,空间范围有所扩大、空间分布更为聚集,分布中心向偏西方向移动。3)捕捞活动聚集区时空变化受季节变化与渔业生物生态习性、渔业捕捞管制措施、海洋生态修复措施等多种因素的综合影响。Automatic identification system(AIS)is a new type of navigation aid system applied to ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore.It can monitor vessel activity in real time and plays an increasingly important role in vessel collision avoidance,vessel monitoring,and maritime management.In the past ten years,the popularization and application of AIS transmitters has made AIS-based dynamic trajectory data valuable for scientific research in marine traffic management,marine fisheries management,and marine spatial planning management.With its high spatial and temporal resolution,AIS data provides a good source to reveal the characteristics of maritime traffic activities and fishing intensity.Since the introduction of AIS,significant progress has been made regarding the use of AIS data for identifying fishing behavior,quantifying fishing intensity,and assessing marine ecological stress.However,previous studies lack a description of the overall spatial and temporal distribution pattern of fishing activities in coastal sea areas,which affects the efficiency of marine fishing activity management and marine ecological protection in regional waters.The Bohai Sea and its adjacent waters is one of the important distribution areas of fishing grounds in China,with abundant fishing resources,extensive distribution of fishing ports and fishing vessels,and intensive fishing activities.Nevertheless,in recent decades,due to the impact of overfishing and land-source pollution,fishery resources have been seriously degraded.It is an urgent need to understand the distribution and level of overall fishing activity in regional waters,so as to provide decision-making support for marine fishing activities,marine ecological environment protection,and the restoration of marine fisheries resources.Based on AIS data from marine vessels in the Bohai Sea and its adjacent waters in 2014 and 2018,this study mapped the range of the fishing ground,and analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of fishing grounds and their influence factors.Fi

关 键 词：捕捞活动 捕捞行为 渔船 AIS 渤海 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]