2014年江苏省帆式张网渔业时空分布特征  

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sail-style stow net fisheries in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：刘勇[1] 程家骅[1] 张寒野[1] LIU Yong;CHENG Jiahua;ZHANG Hanye(Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculure and Rural Affais,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2022年第6期790-801,共12页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0900800);农业农村部专项-东海区海洋捕捞基础信息动态采集分析(2011—2022);农业农村部专项-中日暂定水域渔业资源调查(2011—2021)。

摘　　要：帆式张网因其作业成本低、效率高、机动灵活等优点,成为江苏省海洋渔业的重要渔具之一,但因其对幼鱼资源的极大破坏,受到严格管控和限制。基于2014年江苏沿海帆式张网渔船的大样本随机抽样调查数据,对日产量及渔获物结构与渔场时空分布进行了分析。结果显示:江苏省帆式张网渔船生产水域相对集中于大沙渔场,个别月份会根据渔业资源变动,向南部、外海或近岸水域进行渔场拓展。渔船分布相对集中的水域,水深范围为30~50 m,所占比例超过50%。渔场范围在东西方向与南北方向的跨度呈此消彼长关系;渔船作业所覆盖的渔区数量与平均日产量之间存在负相关,当产量高时相对集中,产量低时相对分散。渔获组成随季节发生一定的变化,主捕经济鱼种资源时空变化是影响帆式张网渔场变动的主要原因。冬季和春季,帆式张网以小型中上层鱼类、小型虾类和经济鱼类幼鱼为主要捕捞对象;秋季,则以带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)、小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)等经济鱼种作为主捕对象。帆式张网作业对经济幼鱼的破坏严重,应进一步加强网囊网目尺寸的严格管理,严格控制渔船携带网具数量,最大限度降低其捕捞强度。In the early 1980 s,the technical personnel of Qidong,Jiangsu Province,made improvement on the basis of Korean anglerfish nets and successfully developed sail-style stow nets.Because of the large size of the main scale of stow net,the flexibility of fishing operation,high yield,low cost and good efficiency,it was quickly promoted.By the end of 1980 s,Jiangsu developed 200-300 sail-style stow net fishing vessels,and in the early 1990 s,it was introduced to Zhejiang,and by the end of the 20 th century,the number of fishing vessels in the whole East China Sea area had grown to nearly 3000.However,the small mesh and poor selectivity of the gear have caused serious damage to juvenile fish resources,which caused widespread concern among fisheries management and the public.In 1995,the Fishery Bureau of East China Sea Region formulated the"Implementation Measures for the Management of Sail-style Stow Net Operation",which controlled the total number of fishing vessels,restricted the operation area and the number of nets,and implemented fishing moratorium,and the total number of fishing vessels should not exceed 1000;in 2000,the State Administration of Fishery and Port Supervision issued the“Interim Measures for the Management of Sail-style Stow Net Operations”,which implemented the management principle of special permit,year by year reduction and final elimination of sail-style stow net operations.After more than 10 years of control,although sail-style stow nets have not withdrawn from the fishing industry,the number of fishing vessels has been effectively controlled and reduced,and the total number of fishing vessels in Jiangsu is now controlled in hundreds.Since the overall fisheries related to sail-style stow net fishing vessels are less studied,this paper analyzes the daily production and catch structure and spatial and temporal distribution of fishing grounds based on a large number of random sampling survey data of sail-style stow net fishing vessels along Jiangsu coast in 2014,to lay foundation for further rese

关 键 词：帆式张网 抽样调查 日均产量 渔获组成 渔场分布 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]