采矿废弃地自然定居植物的群落特征——以新疆维吾尔自治区青河县阿苇戈壁矿区为例  

Community Characteristics of Naturally Established Plants in Mined Site——Take the Awei Gobi Mining Area in Qinghe County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as an example

作　　者：赵晓英[1] 朱成林 海鹰[2] 成鹏[3] 王伍 帕如扎·哈力木拉提 ZHAO Xiao-ying;ZHU Cheng-lin;HAI Ying;CHENG Peng;WANG Wu;PARUZHA·Halimulati(College of Life Science,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830054,China;College of Geography and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830054,China;Urumqi Meteorological Bureau,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830002,China;Natural Resources Bureau of Qinghe County,Qinghe,Xinjiang,836200,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学生命科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [3]乌鲁木齐市气象局,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [4]新疆青河县自然资源局,新疆青河836200

出　　处：《新疆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期8-15,共8页Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：新疆高校重点项目(XJEDU2019I020);国家自然科学基金项目(42067068)。

摘　　要：在干旱且无灌溉条件的矿区,演替初期自然定居的植物是植被修复乃至生态修复的基础。文章通过野外实地踏查和植物群落样方调查,对新疆青河县阿苇戈壁砂铁矿废弃地自然定居的植物及原生植被进行了研究分析。结果表明:(1)停产7年来,该采矿废弃地自然定居植物的群落总盖度约为1%,自然定居植物共有56种,菊科和藜科植物最多,占27%.从生活型来看,一年生和两年生草本植物占比最高,为41.1%,多年生草本植物和灌木分别占39.3%和16.1%.其中,对植被覆盖贡献最大的有雾冰藜、盐生草、大籽蒿等一年生和两年生植物,充当了废弃地自然修复的先锋植物;(2)这些植物发生的微生境为高大排土堆的平坦顶部、可集雪集雨的小排土包背风面和低洼处以及复垦推平地。文章分析了自然定居植物群落特性对干旱冷凉矿区植被恢复的启示。In arid and non-irrigation mined sites,naturally established plants at the primary succession are the basis of vegetation rehabilitation and even ecological restoration. In this study,we invested community characteristics of established species in the iron mined site and native vegetation in Qinghe County,Xinjiang by community sampling. The results showed that average total community cover of established plants in the mined sites was about 1% in the past seven years. 56 species established in the mined sites,and 23 species of them were classified as annual and biennial(41.1%). Perennial and shrubs accounted for 39.3% and 16.1% respectively. Annual and biennial provided the greatest contribution to cover in mined site,include Bassia dasyphylla,Halogeton glomeratus,Artimisia sieversiana and Salsola junatovii,as pioneer for the mined site. These pioneer species mainly distributed on flat top of tall dump,the leeward and low site of small dump where snow and rain could be collected,and recently reclaimed land. We suggest that perennial and shrubs should be selected for vegetation restoration,and annual species should be combined for vegetation rehabilitation. Artificial microsites are need to promote vegetation rehabilitation. Implications of cover and floristic composition established plant on vegetation rehablilitation in cold and dry mined sites.

关 键 词：荒漠草地 采矿废弃地 演替初期 群落组成 植被修复 干旱区 

分 类 号：Q948.2[生物学—植物学]