36个鲜食枣品种在河南的适应性表现  

Adaptability of 36 Jujube Varieties Introduced into Henan Province

作　　者：马俊青[1] 袁国军[1] 卢绍辉[1] 于磊[1] MA Jun-qing;YUAN Guo-jun;LU Shao-hui;YU Lei(Henan Academy of Forestry Sciences,Zhengzhou 450008,PRC)

机构地区：[1]河南省林业科学研究院,河南郑州450008

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2022年第12期15-20,共6页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省基本业务费项目(210612137)。

摘　　要：针对河南省枣产业发展急需进行品种改良和更替这一现状,从国家枣种质资源圃(位于山西省太谷县)引进了36个鲜食枣品种,观察比较了其在河南的适应性表现,并通过主成分分析法对其果实性状进行综合评价,从中筛选出适宜河南省大面积发展的优良枣品种,以解决该省传统枣区良种缺乏的问题。结果表明:36个引进枣品种中糖度较高的前3名分别为蚂蚁枣(29.06%)、朝阳圆枣(29.05%)、尖枣(28.1%)、马莲小枣(28.1%),单果重较重的前3名为芒果枣(25.95 g)、扁柿枣(25.97g)、相枣(24.29 g),果实体积较大的前3名为芒果枣(40.52 cm^(3))、相枣(32.86 cm^(3))、大瓜枣(32.7 cm^(3)),果吊比前3名为朝阳圆枣(0.74)、山东辣椒枣(0.59)、大荔铃铃枣(0.47)、狗头枣(0.47),花吊比前3名为大瓜枣(0.93)、梨枣(0.51)、早脆王(0.49);综合评价表现良好的是大瓜枣、梨枣、扁柿枣、狗头枣、早脆王、京枣、上海白蒲、雪枣、泗方枣和八八红;其中,泗方枣、早脆王、京枣、雪枣的枣果口感好、脆甜多汁,并且果实个大,在市场上具有竞争优势,可以作为河南种植的推荐鲜食枣品种。The development of jujube industry in Henan Province is in urgent need of variety improvement and replacement.Thirty-six fresh-edible jujube varieties from National Jujube Germplasm Resources Nursery(located in Taigu County,Shanxi Province)have been introduced into Henan.Through adaptability comparison and fruit traits evaluation by principal component analysis,it is hoped to screen out excellent jujube varieties suitable for large-scale planting in Henan.The results show that the jujube varieties with high sugar contents are Mayi(29.06%),Chaoyang Ball(29.05%),Jian(28.1%)and Malian Mini(28.1%).Three heaviest fruit weights are Mango(25.95 g),Flat Persimmon(25.97 g)and Xiang(24.29 g).Three largest fruit sizes are Mango(40.52 cm^(3)),Xiang(32.86 cm^(3))and Big Melon(32.7cm^(3)).The ratio of fruits to bearing branches ranking the top 3 is achieved by Chaoyang Ball(0.74),Shandong Pepper(0.59),Big Litchi Bling(0.47),and Golden(0.47).The ratio of flowers to bearing branches ranking the top 3 is obtained by Big Melon(0.93),Pear(0.51),and Early Crisp King(0.49).The comprehensive evaluation has found that 10 jujube varieties,namely Big Melon,Pear,Flat Persimmon,Golden,Early Crisp King,Jing,Shanghai Baipu,Snow,Sifang and August Red have good performance;among them,Sifang,Early Crisp King,Jing and Snow can produce big,delicious,crispy,sweet and juicy fruits,having strong competitive advantages in the market,thus can be recommended as fresh-edible jujube varieties for planting in Henan.

关 键 词：鲜食枣品种 品质 性状 主成分分析 河南 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]