秦艽产量及主要药用成分对氮磷钾肥的响应  

Yield and medicinal ingredients of G.macrophylla Pall.response to N,P and K fertilization

作　　者：盛玉章 骆汉[1,2] 谢永生[1,2,3] 王渭玲 李镇 陈东凯 SHENG Yuzhang;LUO Han;XIE Yongsheng;WANG Weiling;LI Zhen;CHEN Dongkai(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Shaanxi Hantang Agricultural Standardization,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710000,China;College of Chemistry and Pharmacy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute,Wuhan,Hubei 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西汉唐农业标准化研究院,陕西西安710000 [4]西北农林科技大学化学与药学院,陕西杨凌712100 [5]中南电力设计院有限公司,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2023年第1期45-52,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：陕西省农业科技创新驱动项目(NYKJ-2021-YL(XN)23);西安市科技计划项目(20NYSF0024)。

摘　　要：为研究不同氮、磷、钾施肥模式对秦艽产量及主要药用成分含量的影响,同时探明宝鸡地区秦艽种植的最优施肥方案,通过田间试验,采用3因素2次饱和D-最优设计施肥方案,建立以氮、磷、钾肥施用量为自变量,秦艽产量、龙胆苦苷、马钱苷酸含量为因变量的数学模型,通过模型寻优获得最适施肥区间。根据对氮、磷、钾的单因素效应分析,适宜的氮肥、磷肥施用量可以增加秦艽产量以及龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸含量,而施用量过高则会产生抑制作用;钾肥对马钱苷酸的影响和氮肥、磷肥相同,但钾肥的施用不利于秦艽龙胆苦苷的积累。氮、磷、钾3种元素对秦艽产量、龙胆苦苷、马钱苷酸含量影响均表现为:磷>氮>钾。对各函数进行频率分析法寻优,得到秦艽产量超过2100.0 kg·hm^(-2)、龙胆苦苷含量超过7.5%、马钱苷酸含量超过2.0%时的施肥区间为氮(N)147.2~185.1 kg·hm^(-2)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))92.6~98.9 kg·hm^(-2)、钾(K 2 O)95.8~134.2 kg·hm^(-2),N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的最佳比例为:1∶1.49~2.00∶1.10~1.93。To determine the optimal fertilization plan for G.macrophylla Pall.(Qinjiao)cultivation and the effects of various concentrations of N,P and K on the production of gentiopicrosideandloganinic acid in G.macrophylla Pall.,a field experiment was conducted in the Baoji area.With a three-factor and quadratic saturation D-optimal design,the experiment was conducted to build a mathematical model with N,P and K fertilizer concentrations as independent variables and the yield of G.macrophylla Pall.,along with the contents of gentiopicroside and loganinic acidas dependent variables.The model was developed to enable the optimal fertilization pattern to be determined.Analysis promoted an increase in production and accumulation of gentiopicroside and loganinic acid.According to the single factor effect analysis on N,P and K,the application of N and P with appropriate amount can increase the yield and the contents of gentiopicroside and loganinic acid,but it will be inhibited when the amount is too high.The effect is the same as K,but the application of K is not conducive to the accumulation of gentiopicroside.The effects of N,P and K on the yield and gentiopicroside and loganinic acid contents were ranked as follows:P>N>K.The frequency analysis method for optimizing each function indicated that the required fertilization pattern for a yield of>2100.0 kg·hm^(-2),the contents of gentiopicroside of>7.5%and the contents of loganinic acid of>2.0%was 147.2~185.1 kg·hm^(-2) of N,92.6~98.9 kg·hm^(-2) of P(P_(2)O_(5))and 95.8~134.2 kg·hm^(-2) of K(K_(2)O).To ensure the greatest licorice yield and highest contents of gentiopicroside and loganinic acid,the optimal ratio of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K 2 O was 1∶1.49~2.00∶1.10~1.93.

关 键 词：秦艽 产量 龙胆苦苷 马钱苷酸 最优施肥模式 

分 类 号：S567.2[农业科学—中草药栽培] S143[农业科学—作物学]