水限制环境CO_(2)与施氮交互作用对春小麦水分利用效率的影响  

Interactive effects of CO_(2) and nitrogen application on water use efficiency of spring wheat in water-limited environments

作　　者：李裕[1,2] 齐月[2] 王小恒[3] 朱青青[1] 岳平[2] 张强[2] LI yu;QI Yue;WANG Xiaoheng;ZHU Qingqing;YUE Ping;ZHANG Qiang(School of Chemical Engineering,Northwest University for Nationalities,Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization in Universities of Gansu Province,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030,China;Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of CMA,Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Changing and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020,China;School of Medical Sciences,Northwest University for Nationalities,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学化工学院,甘肃省高校环境友好型复合材料及生物质利用省级重点实验室,兰州730030 [2]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,兰州730020 [3]西北民族大学医学院,兰州730030

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2023年第1期228-234,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所暨甘肃省(中国气象局)干旱气候变化与减灾重点(开放)实验室:干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM202105);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR5RA502);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41630426)。

摘　　要：在模拟大气CO_(2)浓度升高环境条件下,进行了不同施氮处理对春小麦水分利用效率的影响试验,探索水资源限制地区提高春小麦水分利用率及其产量的途径。结果表明,CO_(2)浓度升高与施氮交互作用对小麦产量水分利用率有显著影响。在CO_(2)浓度升高90μmol·mol^(-1)环境条件下,135 kg·hm^(-2)和315 kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理春小麦产量的水分利用率与对照相比分别下降了5.8%和15.1%;225 kg·hm^(-2)和405 kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理春小麦产量的水分利用率与对照相比分别增加了9.3%和8.9%;225 kg·hm^(-2)和405 kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理使春小麦生物量水分利用率与对照相比分别提高了10.4%和10.8%;而135 kg·hm^(-2)和315 kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理造成春小麦生物量水分利用率不同程度地下降。90μmol·mol^(-1) CO_(2)浓度升高与施氮处理导致春小麦千粒重水分利用率下降,其中135 kg·hm^(-2)和315 kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理使春小麦千粒重水分利用率较对照分别下降了13.9%和21.2%。在CO_(2)浓度升高180μmol·mol^(-1)环境条件下,施氮处理对春小麦产量水分利用率的影响不显著。尽管施氮处理提高了春小麦生物量水分利用率,却导致春小麦千粒重水分利用率不同程度降低。综上可知,在未来大气CO_(2)浓度升高背景下,可以根据CO_(2)浓度升高幅度,从调控氮肥投入量途径入手,提高春小麦水分利用效率及其产量。A simulated change climatic manipulation was conducted to evaluate the effects of CO_(2) concentration and nitrogen level increase on water use efficiency in spring wheatat Dingxi Drought Meteorological and Ecological Environment Experimental Base of China Meteorological Administration in 2011.The objective of this study was to determine if increasing CO_(2) and nitrogen level would significantly change water use efficiency in spring wheat.The results revealed that the interactivity of increasing in CO_(2) concentration and nitrogen level led to a significant change in water use efficiency of yield in spring wheat.Compared to CK,the interaction influence of water use efficiency of spring wheat in a 90μmol·mol^(-1) CO_(2) concentration and nitrogen application of 135 kg·hm^(-2)and 315 kg·hm^(-2)decreased by 5.8%and 15.1%,respectively.The interaction effect in a 90μmol·mol^(-1) CO_(2) concentration and nitrogen fertilization treatment increased yield water use efficiency of 9.3%and 8.9%in spring wheat under 225 kg·hm^(-2)and 405 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.Likewise,the water use efficiency of spring wheat biomass in the nitrogen treatments of 225 kg·hm^(-2)and 405 kg·hm^(-2)decreased by 10.4%and 10.8%compared with CK,respectively.However,the nitrogen treatments of 135 kg·hm^(-2)and 315 kg·hm^(-2)decrease the water use efficiency of spring wheat biomass.The increase of 90μmol·mol^(-1) CO_(2) concentration and nitrogen application resulted in the decrease of water use efficiency of 1000-grain weight.The water use efficiency of 1000-grain weight of spring wheatin the nitrogen treatments of 135 kg·hm^(-2)and 315 kg·hm^(-2)decreased by 13.9%and 21.2%compared with CK,respectively.A 180μmol·mol^(-1) CO_(2) concentration and nitrogen treatments had no significant effects on water use efficiency of spring wheat biomass.Although nitrogen application increased the water use efficiency of spring wheat biomass,but it decreased the water utilization rate of 1000-grain weight in different degrees.In conclusion,the r

关 键 词：气候变化 水限制地区 春小麦 水分利用效率 CO_(2)浓度升高 施氮量 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S512.12[农业科学—作物学]