耕作协同物料添加对苏打盐碱化耕地土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of tillage synergistic material addition on physical and chemical properties of cultivated sodic-saline soil

作　　者：聂朝阳 杨帆[1] 王志春[1] 郭亮亮 安丰华[1] 刘建波 张释心 NIE Zhaoyang;YANG Fan;WANG Zhichun;GUO Liangliang;AN Fenghua;LIU Jianbo;ZHANG Shixin(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130102,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]吉林农业大学农学院,吉林长春130102

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2023年第1期235-243,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国科学院黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项资助(XDA28010403);国家自然科学基金项目(41971066);通辽市科左中旗苏打盐碱化耕地改良技术模式研究与监测评价(202076);中国科学院黑土区农业生态重点实验室开放基金项目(2020ZKHT-03);中国科学院关键人才项目。

摘　　要：为探究耕作协同物料添加对苏打盐碱化耕地土壤障碍消减及作物产量的影响,采用大田试验,设置9个处理:对照(CK),深松+脱硫石膏(SG),深松+腐植酸(SF),深松+复合调理剂(ST),深松+复合调理剂+腐植酸(STF),粉垄+脱硫石膏(FG),粉垄+腐植酸(FF),粉垄+复合调理剂(FT),粉垄+复合调理剂+腐植酸(FTF),脱硫石膏、复合调理剂和腐植酸施用量分别为15000、22500 kg·hm^(-2)和6000 kg·hm^(-2)。试验结果表明:与CK相比,在0~40 cm土层,耕作协同物料添加处理的土壤容重降低2.7%~18.4%,土壤总孔隙度增加3.8%~25.3%,土壤三相比得到改善。与CK相比,耕作协同物料添加降低了0~40 cm土层土壤pH、钠吸附比(SAR)和总碱度,降低幅度分别为6.8%~21.3%、20.7%~78.3%和17.1%~47.7%;在0~40 cm土层,耕作协同物料添加处理增加了土壤有机质含量,增加幅度为2.5%~63.9%。玉米穗行数、行粒数和理论产量较CK分别提高4.8%~10.1%、8.9%~22.0%和9.8%~37.6%。综合改良效果及作物增产效果分析,粉垄40 cm配施复合调理剂22500 kg·hm^(-2)和腐植酸6000 kg·hm^(-2)效果最佳。To explore the effect of tillage synergistic materials addition on soil barrier reduction and crop yield in cultivated sodic-saline soil,a field experiment was used with nine treatments of control treatment(CK),subsoiling with desulfurization gypsum(SG),subsoiling with humic acid(SF),subsoiling with compound conditioner(ST),subsoiling with compound conditioner and humic acid(STF),fenlong with desulfurization gypsum treatment(FG),smash-ridging with humic acid(FF),smash-ridging with compound conditioner(FT),and smash-ridging with compound conditioner and humic acid treatment(FTF).The application rates of desulfurization gypsum,compound conditioner and humic acid were 15000 kg·hm^(-2),22500 kg·hm^(-2) and 6000 kg·hm^(-2).The results showed that compared with CK,in the 0~40 cm,the soil bulk density of tillage synergistic materials addition treatment decreased by 2.7%~18.4%,soil total porosity increased by 3.8%~25.3%,and soil three phase ratio improved.Compared with CK,the addition of tillage synergistic materials reduced soil pH,sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)and total alkalinity in 0~40 cm soil layer by 6.8%~21.3%,20.7%~78.3%and 17.1%~47.7%,respectively.In 0~40 cm soil layer,tillage synergistic materials addition increased soil organic matter by 2.5%~63.9%.Compared with CK,the row number per ear,grain number per row and theoretical yield of maize increased by 4.8%~10.1%,8.9%~22.0%and 9.8%~37.6%,respectively.Comprehensive improvement effect and crop yield effect analysis indicated that the 40 cm smash-ridging with compound conditioner 22500 kg·hm^(-2) and humic acid 6000 kg·hm^(-2) had the best effect.

关 键 词：耕作方式 物料 苏打盐碱化土壤 土壤理化性质 土壤养分 玉米产量要素 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S341.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]