新媒体语境下学术批评言论传播与名誉权保护的平衡  

The Balance between the Dissemination of Academic Criticism and the Protection of Reputation Rights in the Context of New Media

作　　者：彭桂兵 张思羽 Peng Guibing;Zhang Siyu(School of Communication,East China University of Political Science and Law;Law Research Center,East China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学传播学院,上海201620 [2]华东政法大学传播法研究中心

出　　处：《新闻界》2022年第12期65-74,共10页Journalism and Mass Communication

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“《民法典》中涉及媒体人格权益侵权的新型问题研究”(21YJA860010)。

摘　　要：随着科学技术和传播媒介的发展,学者们通过多元化的传播媒介对他人学术研究发表批评性言论,其中表现的传播行为也愈加复杂,典型的就是耿美玉诉饶毅案。学术批评是言论自由的体现,但是当学术争议上升到诉讼层面,那就需要法院定纷止争。为了平衡新媒体语境下学术批评言论传播与名誉权保护,司法首先要明确诉讼争议的批评性言论性质,审查在不同学术议题下当事人意见表达及其所依据的事实,判断当事人学术批评言论的正当性,当言论涉及侮辱、诽谤等言辞时,则构成名誉侵权。新媒体语境下由学术批评引起的名誉权案件频发,《民法典》颁布后,审理名誉权案件的司法解释已失效,为解决日益复杂多样的学术批评案件,可以将当事人实施的学术批评行为适用《民法典》中关于名誉侵权免责的相关规定,以期更好地保护学术批评性言论。With the development of science and technology and communication media,scholars have made critical remarks on the academic research of others through diversified media,and the communication behaviors have become more and more complex.Geng Meiyu v.Rao Yi is a typical case.Academic criticism is the embodiment of freedom of speech,but when academic disputes cause litigation,it needs the court to settle disputes.In order to balance the dissemination of academic critical speech and the protection of reputation right in the context of new media,the judiciary should first clarify the nature of critical speech in litigation disputes.At the same time,the judiciary should examine the opinions expressed by the parties under different academic issues and the facts on which they are based,so as to judge the legitimacy of the parties’academic criticism.When the defendant’s speech involves insults,libel and other words,it constitutes reputation infringement.In the context of new media,there are frequent cases of reputation rights caused by academic criticism.After the promulgation of the Civil Code,the judicial interpretation of hearing the cases of reputation rights has become invalid.In order to solve the increasingly complex and diverse academic criticism cases and better protect the academic critical speech,the academic criticism behaviors carried out by the parties concerned can be applied to the relevant provisions on the exemption of reputation infringement in the Civil Code.

关 键 词：名誉权 学术批评 《民法典》 新媒体 

分 类 号：D206[政治法律—政治学]