规划型人权发展进路:以国家人权行动计划为切入点  

Plan-based Human Rights Development Path: Starting from the National Human Rights Action Plan

作　　者：王理万 WANGLiwan(Institute for Human Rights,China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人权研究院

出　　处：《人权法学》2022年第6期116-142,157,158,共29页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“中国式人权文明新形态研究”(21AZD095);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“习近平总书记关于人权重要论述研究”(20JJD820002)。

摘　　要：中国采用规划型人权发展进路,通过编制和执行国家人权行动计划,以行政主导的方式推进人权实质进步。在国家人权行动计划的编制阶段,通过设立联席会议机制、确定人权优先顺序、组建起草专家组、吸纳社会团体参与等方式,促成国际人权话语转化为国内人权表达,并使得人权表达契合国家整体发展规划和政府部门工作职能,确保国家人权行动计划具有可操作性和必要发展空间。国家人权行动计划的执行和评估阶段,突出体现行政主导色彩,即充分发挥行政科层制、发包制和项目制的优势,促使各部门和各级政府遵循“各司其职、分工负责”的原则,把工作职权与人权发展嵌合起来,同时联动立法机关和司法机关,实现人权行动计划确定的目标。国家人权行动计划中设置的大量指标,使得人权发展成为可度量、可检测、可评估的数值,为开展人权行动计划评估提供了前提条件。在规划型人权发展进路下,籍由编制和执行人权行动计划,促使人权目标被国家发展目标所吸纳,形成“以发展促人权”的底层逻辑,回应了更高水平的人权保障诉求。China is the only major power in the world that has consistently formulated and implemented four phases of National Human Rights Action Plan. Since the 1980s, China’s human rights discourse and theoretical construction have in fact been striving for "dual recognition" : on the one hand, it has sought international recognition by embracing and transforming international human rights discourse, so international human rights treaties have exerted a clear impact on China’s National Human Rights Action Plan;on the other hand, it has done its best to bring about substantive progress in specific human rights by combining the idea of human rights with the actual development of China while absorbing and adapting human rights theories. Therefore, China has chosen to integrate human rights issues into the development progress in the form of the National Human Rights Action Plan. This human rights development path, based on internal bureaucracy and external pressure, with the National Human Rights Action Plan as the main carrier, can be called "planbased human rights development path". In the drafting and formulation stage of the National Human Rights Action Plan, the Chinese government, by ways of setting up the joint meeting mechanism, determining the priorities of human rights, assembling a drafting expert team and involving social organizations, promotes the transformation of international human rights discourse into domestic human rights expression and adjusts the expression to the overall national development plan and the duties of government departments so as to ensure the operability and necessary development space of the National Human Rights Action Plan. In the stage of implementation and evaluation, the dominance of administration is highlighted, that is, a set of mechanism is established to ensure the implementation and effective supervision of the National Human Rights Action Plan by using administrative capacities and resources. The Chinese government takes full advantage of the administrative bureaucracy,

关 键 词：规划型人权发展进路 国家人权行动计划 整合性规划 行政主导 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学]