现实建构主义:基层治理社会工作的实践逻辑及理论依据  

Realist Constructivism:Practical Logic and Theoretical Basis of Social Work in Grass-roots Governance

作　　者：童敏[1] 杜经国 TONG Min;DU Jingguo

机构地区：[1]厦门大学社会与人类学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《社会工作》2022年第6期1-15,100,101,共17页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：义仓本土化社区社会工作服务经验探索研究。

摘　　要：经过十多年的快速发展,中国社会工作逐渐成为我国基层治理的一支重要专业力量,特别是近年来,随着乡镇(街道)社会工作服务站的全面铺开建设和“五社联动”的逐步推广,基层治理社会工作已经转变成我国社会工作的重要专业实践方式。但是,这种实践方式常常表现为专业实践逻辑不清,时常与社区弱势人群服务相混淆。通过梳理基层治理社会工作的专业实践逻辑发现,基层治理社会工作是要协助居民处理社区生活中的问题,采取行动评估的方式,考察居民在应对现实生活困扰过程中的行动改变意愿和改变能力,以推动居民积极参与社区治理,提升居民的场景理性自决。这种实践逻辑依据现实建构主义,需要居民既能够以现实条件为前提,接纳现实生活场景中不可改变之处,也能够尝试可改变之处,主动推动现实环境的改变。可见,中国社会工作只有走基层治理社会工作的专业发展路径,才能拥有现实的社会历史基础,建构起具有中国特色社会工作的实践逻辑和理论依据。After more than ten years of rapid development,China’s social work has gradually become an important and professional force in grass-roots governance in China.Especially in recent years,with the comprehensive development of township(sub-district)social work service stations and the gradual promotion of the linkage between the five communities(five social forces including communities,social organizations,social workers,community volunteers and social charity resources),social work of grass-roots governance has become an important professional practice mode of social work in China.In fact,China’s social work also faces many challenges in its integration into China’s grass-roots governance practice.First of all this practice mode is often expressed as unclear professional practice logic in the practical field of social work.Secondly,this practice mode is often confused with community services for vulnerable groups in the process of practical service as well.In this regard,this paper combs the professional practice logic of social work at the grass-roots level,and finds that social work in grass-roots governance is to assist residents to deal with problems in community life,and he problem is not what the residents lack,nor what resources the community lacks,but a common state in real life,indicating that the growth and change requirements of the community residents themselves are inconsistent with the requirements of real life,and their growth and change have encountered obstacles in real life.In fact,the problem-solving process is a process in which community residents look for changes that can be coordinated with the surrounding environment in real life scenes.It not only requires community residents to learn the way of scenario thinking,but also requires community residents to always examine the problems encountered in specific real life scenes,and also requires community residents to find action and response ways that can be coordinated with the surrounding environment in specific real life scenes with the

关 键 词：基层治理社会工作 现实建构主义 中国社会工作 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]