工作场所虐待、被歧视感与家政女工的抑郁风险——基于南京等四城市调查数据的分析  

Workplace Abuse,Perceived Discrimination and Depression Risk among Female Domestic Workers:A Research Based on the Questionnaire Survey in Nanjing,Guangzhou,Wuxi and Foshan

作　　者：刘昱君 刘林平[2] LIU Yujun;LIU Linping

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院社会工作与社会政策系,南京210023 [2]南京大学社会学院社会学系,南京210023

出　　处：《社会工作》2022年第6期72-88,106,107,共19页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“互联网时代家政工人雇佣关系研究”(项目编号:18ASH007)。

摘　　要：工作场所的精神健康是体面劳动的重要议题之一,但家政工人的工作条件对其精神健康的影响鲜有人关注。本文基于“压力”的理论视角,分析2019年对南京、无锡、广州、佛山的家政女工的调查数据发现:超过一成的被访者有明显的抑郁症状;家政女工遭遇的工作场所虐待包括工资拖欠、无法规律地安排休息、无法享受法定节假日带薪休假、被雇主或其亲友辱骂、恐吓、殴打甚至性骚扰等。工作场所虐待经历与家政女工的抑郁风险呈显著的正向相关;同时,工作场所虐待会强化家政女工的被歧视感,继而加剧其抑郁风险。本文采用两种倾向值分析方法处理样本的选择性偏误,同时提供了理解家政女工精神健康的微观社会心理视角,旨在为提升该群体精神健康水平的干预项目开发提供实证依据。在家政服务业迅速发展的背景下,更应关注体面劳动与工作质量议题,推动相关政策及行业规范的制定以提升从业人员的整体福祉。In recent years,driven by various reality factors such as new type urbanization,population ageing and the implementation of the three-child policy,residents’demand for domestic services has been growing fastly,and the scale of the domestic service industry has continued to expand.What kind of living and working environment is such a large number of domestic workers in?What problems and challenges do they encounter?Scholars in Chinese mainland have not paid enough attention to this population.In addition to several qualitative studies focused on the labor process of domestic workers(such as the relationship with employers and emotional labor),quantitative study is extremely scarce.As a result,it is difficult to know the basic and holistic situation of this group,letting alone assess its potential impacts.However,foreign studies have suggested that domestic workers were employed in a private family setting,which making them vulnerable to many forms of abuse and thus confronted with much health risks.This paper systematically reviews previous empirical studies on the mental health of domestic workers,among which the stress model is a dominant theoretical perspective to understand this issue.For female foreign domestic workers,the stress accompanying the migration process includes the restrictive immigration policies in the workplace,the acculturation and cultural identity strategies constrained by such policies,and the discrimination and alienation occurring at the macro and individual levels.Work-related stress includes exclusion from protective employment policies,long working hours,poor working conditions,living in the same space with the employer,undetectable abuse in the home setting,low income and lack of adequate rest.However,most existing studies used the qualitative analysis or multiple linear regression models to describe the relationship between different stress factors and depressive symptoms of domestic workers.More detailed mechanism analysis is still limited.Domestic researchers have just started to

关 键 词：家政女工 抑郁风险 工作场所虐待 被歧视感 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]