青岛地区814例输血不良反应回顾性分析  

Adverse reactions to blood transfusion:A retrospective analysis of 814 cases in Qingdao area from 2020 to 2021

作　　者：于琦 刘晓霞 周洪 吴玉清 焦淑贤 YU Qi;LIU Xiaoxia;ZHOU Hong;WU Yuqing;JIAO Shuxian(Qingdao Red Cross Blood Center,Qingdao Quality Control Center of Blood Transfusion,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市中心血站青岛市输血质控中心,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2022年第12期1259-1262,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的 了解青岛地区医疗机构近年来输血不良反应发生及其构成情况。方法 收集青岛市输血质控中心2020年~2021年每季度向本地区全部96家用血医疗机构发放、填毕后收回的《医疗机构输血不良反应统计表》,填报内容包括发生输血不良反应例数及比例、输血不良反应类型、输注的成分血种类等,对输血不良反应做回顾性分析。结果 2020年~2021年本地区96家用血医疗机构共输血296 676人次,输血不良反应发生率0.27%(814/296 676),其中输注血浆不良反应发生率0.17%[占全部输血反应数的39.07%(318/814)],血小板不良反应发生率0.68%[占31.08%(259/814)],红细胞不良反应发生率0.11%[占27.64%(225/814)],冷沉淀不良反应发生率0.03%[占1.47%(12/814)];输血不良反应类型:过敏反应77.64%(632/814)、发热反应19.78%(161/814)、输血相关呼吸困难1.47%(12/814)、输血相关循环超负荷0.37%(3/814)以及输血后紫癜与输血相关低血压各0.25%(2/814)、迟发性溶血和急性溶血各0.12%(1/814)。结论 本地区用血医疗机构近年来输血不良反应发生率低于国内一般水平,以输注血浆或(和)血小板后发生的过敏反应和发热反应为主;各医疗机构加强输血不良反应监控力度,准确及时上报,并采取积极的预防措施将有效控制或降低输血不良反应发生率。Objective To investigate the incidence and composition of adverse reactions to blood transfusion(ARBT) in Qingdao hospitals in recent years. Methods The “Statistical Table of Adverse Reactions to Blood Transfusion in Medical Institutions” issued by Qingdao Quality Control Center of Blood Transfusion throughout 2020 to 2021, involving 96 hospitals in the region, were collected and analyzed, including the number, proportion and types of ARBT,as well as the types of blood components transfused. Results From 2020 to 2021, 296 676 cases of blood transfusion in 96 hospitals occurred, and the incidence of ARBT was 0.27%(814/296 676), of which the incidence of ARBT involving plasma transfusion was 0.17% [accounting for 39.07%(318/814) of all transfusion reactions], involving platelet transfusion was 0.68% [31.08%(259/814)], involving erythrocyte transfusion was 0.11% [27.64%(225/814)] and cryoprecipitation transfusion 0.03% [1.47%(12/814)].The types of ARBT were anaphylaxis 77.64%(632/814), fever 19.78%(161/814), transfusion-related dyspnea 1.47%(12/814), transfusion-related circulatory overload 0.37%(3/814), purpura 0.25%(2/814) and transfusion-related hypotension 0.25%(2/814), delayed hemolysis 0.12%(1/814) and acute hemolysis 0.12%(1/814), respectively. Conclusion In recent years, the incidence of ARBT in local medical institutions is lower than that of domestic general level, and the main reactions are anaphylaxis and fever following the transfusion of plasma or(and) platelets.The monitoring and control of ARBT should be strengthened in each hospital with accurate and timely report, and active preventive measures should be taken to control or reduce the incidence of ARBT effectively.

关 键 词：输血不良反应 过敏反应 非溶血性发热反应 成分输血 用血医疗机构 青岛 

分 类 号：R457.13[医药卫生—治疗学]