石窟寺典型工程地质变形破坏模式及分类体系  

Classification System of Typical Engineering Geological Deformation and Failure Modes in Grottoes

作　　者：刘世杰 兰恒星 包含[4] 彭建兵[1] Liu Shijie;Lan Hengxing;Bao Han;Peng Jianbing(School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Geology and Disaster Prevention,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi’a n 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]生态地质与灾害防控自然资源部重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [4]长安大学公路学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《地球科学》2022年第12期4710-4723,共14页Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2019YFC1520601);国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.42041006,41927806).

摘　　要：石窟寺是宝贵的石质文物,但在复杂的赋存环境、长期的侵蚀风化以及人类活动的影响下产生了多种变形破坏问题.详细的破坏分类体系是石窟寺病害表征、解释、分级和预测的基础,而目前尚未有针对石窟变形破坏的综合分类方法.分析了川渝、陇东地区代表性石窟的工程地质条件和变形破坏特性,将石窟的变形破坏类型分为工程地质成因型和工程地质力学型,建立了2大类、6亚类、24种破坏现象的综合分类体系.采用工程地质类比法对比了石窟变形破坏及诱发机制的南北差异.陇东石窟因卸荷产生的变形破坏更多,而微环境扰动带来的变形破坏在川渝石窟更突出.在微环境扰动下,川渝石窟的破坏响应以鳞片状剥落破坏为主,而陇东石窟以渔网状剥蚀破坏为主.Sandstone grottoes are valuable stone cultural relics.However,due to its complex occurrence environment,long-term weathering and the human activities,a variety of deformation and failure phenomena have been produced.Detailed classification system and precise characterization are required for the diagnosis,interpretation,classification and prediction of the deformation and failure of stone cultural relics.However,there is no comprehensive classification method to describe types of deformation and failure of rock in grottoes.In this paper it investigates the engineering geological conditions and failure characteristics of grottoes in northern and southern China.Based on the engineering geological theory,the deformation and failure types of grotto are divided into engineering geological genetic types and engineering geomechanics types.According to the specific damage phenomena,a comprehensive classification method is established,including 2 classes,6 subclasses and 24 kinds of damage phenomena.Different phenomena and mechanism in south and north grottoes are compared.North grottoes have more damage caused by unloading relaxation.But the failure in south grottoes is mainly resulted from changing micro-environment.As for changing microenvironment,fishing-net-shaped denudation is dominant in north grottoes while scaly-shaped exfoliation is prominent in south grottoes.

关 键 词：石窟寺 工程地质力学 破坏现象 分类体系 砂岩 微环境 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学]