我国司法鉴定立法的模式选择、基本立场和体系结构  

Legislation of Forensic Appraisal in China:Model Selection,Basic Standpoint and System Structure

作　　者：郭华[1] GUO Hua(Law School,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国司法鉴定》2022年第6期1-8,共8页Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences

基　　金：司法鉴定立法研究(16SFB2026)。

摘　　要：我国司法鉴定立法面临着艰难的选择,是修改全国人民代表大会常务委员会《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》),还是制定专门的司法鉴定法律,而制定专门的司法鉴定法律是采用《司法鉴定管理法》抑或是《司法鉴定法》。这些问题无论是理论界还是实务部门均存在不同的立场和建议。《决定》作为司法鉴定体制改革的法律文件在当下遇到了新的情况,因其本身的诸多空白和缺失难以应对,需要补充、完善与健全。司法鉴定问题不仅涉及行政管理和诉讼问题,还与执法、监察、仲裁、人民调解等存在内在的无法切割的联系。面对多领域鉴定的需要以及《决定》内容本身的局限,司法鉴定立法应当坚持开放态度和立场,制定较为系统化的《司法鉴定法》。制定《司法鉴定法》应坚持司法鉴定统一管理体制的不转向,在《决定》的基础上保持与其他法律和法律活动的协调性,同时吸收地方法规相对成熟的经验和国外立法的有益做法,在性质上保持鉴定的科学性和法律性相统一,在结构内容上明确鉴定的公益性和鉴定机构的性质定位,构建鉴定管理、鉴定实施和鉴定使用的“法法”衔接新机制,保持司法鉴定立法与政策指引、法治进程、改革步伐的一致性,充分发挥其协助办案机关或者执法机关发现真相的制度保障功能。The legislation of forensic appraisal in China is facing a difficult choice,whether to revise the Decision of the Standing Committee of the NPC Regarding Administration Issue of Forensic Appraisal(referred to as the Decision hereinafter)or to formulate a special law on forensic appraisal.If a special law on forensic appraisal is to be formulated,whether to adopt a Forensic Appraisal Management Law or a Forensic Appraisal Law.Actually,there are different standpoints and proposals on these issues,both in the theoretical community and in the practical sector.As a legal document for the reform of the forensic appraisal system,the Decision has encountered a new situation.Due to its existing gaps and deficiencies,the Decision needs to be improved.The issue of forensic appraisal not only involves administrative management and litigation,but also has an inherent and inextricable link with law enforcement,supervision,arbitration,mediation,etc.In the face of the needs of forensic appraisal in multi-field and the limitations of the Decision,forensic legislation should adhere to an open attitude and stance,and formulate a more systematic Forensic Appraisal Law.The formulation of the Forensic Appraisal Law should adhere to the principle of a unified forensic management system,maintain coordination with other laws and legal activities on the basis of the Decision,and absorb the relatively mature experience of local regulations and the practice of foreign legislation.In addition,it is necessary to maintain the unity of scientificity and legality,and clarify the public welfare nature of forensic appraisal and the nature and position of forensic appraisal institutions in terms of structure and content.Only by constructing a new mechanism for connecting“law and law”for forensic appraisal management,implementation and use,can the legislation of forensic appraisal be consistent with policy guidance,the process of rule of law and the pace of reform,and give full play to its guaranteed function as assisting case handling or law en

关 键 词：鉴定立法 问题导向 立法模式 基本立场 《司法鉴定法》 

分 类 号：DF8[政治法律—法学]