比较法视域下科学研究处理个人数据的法律界限  

Legal Boundaries of the Processing of Personal Data in Scientific Research from the Perspective of Comparative Law

作　　者：孙祯锋 Sun Zhenfeng(Koguan School of Law,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2022年第24期91-99,共9页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA164)。

摘　　要：在数字化时代,科学研究成为一种典型的数据应用场景。科学研究大规模处理个人数据隐含的“道德伦理问题上的非对称性”引致个人权利与公共利益之间的权益冲突。中国既有法制对于科学研究处理个人数据行为的规制呈现规范内容不一致、指向模糊、保障措施不足等问题。以《一般数据保护条例》为代表的域外法制从规范定位、可处理数据范围、目的限制原则的适用、数据主体同意的规定、数据主体权利克减、技术性与组织性保障措施等方面确立了相对完整的法律规制体系。可以考虑在《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》中增设“科学研究”相关条款,同时,通过适当豁免研究人员的数据处理义务、附条件克减数据主体的个人权利以及调整同意模式,打造激励相容的数据处理行为要件,此外,尚需完善技术性和组织性保障措施以确保数据处理规范有序。In the digital age, the coexistence of the value and risk of using personal data for scientific research prevails, and the key question is not whether the data should be used for research, but how to obtain the benefits of scientific research based on the basic principles of respecting ethics and privacy. In this regard, when research may bring harm to the subject of research or other relevant persons, the law needs to intervene in a timely manner and set limits for it, and this restriction itself should also abide by the provisions of the law.In spite of the promulgation of Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China in 2021, it does not directly stipulate the purpose of "scientific research", and the regulation of scientific research behavior in China’s established legal system is in a sporadic state, far from being systematized. It does not provide clear and appropriate guidance for scientific research on the processing of personal data, whether based on the direct content of the provisions or the normative interpretation. Moreover the legal regulation of similar scientific research behaviors sometimes shows inconsistencies, and there is a lack of special data processing supervision authorities and supervision mechanisms in the legal norms.The study has the following findings. First, the legislative model for "scientific research" in most countries is to adopt the legislative path of the Basic Law positioning and supplemented by other relevant norms of a lower rank. Second, the trend of legislation is not to impose absolute restrictions on scientific research in terms of the type and scope of individuals, but to impose restrictions on data processing behavior, thereby creating a relaxed environment for scientific research. Third, the innovation of scientific research stems from its uncertainty, the discovery of new materials or the improvement of research methods will change the specific purpose of the original research. If the purpose of its data processing behavior is strictly l

关 键 词：科学研究 公共利益 数据权利 目的限制原则 

分 类 号：D922.8[政治法律—法学]