循环流化床锅炉炉内受热面磨损防护技术与应用进展  

Recent research and application on anti-wear technology of furnace water-wall in circulating fluidized bed boiler

作　　者：陈翰 姚禹歌 张国庆 张代鑫 马有福[2] 黄中[1] CHEN Han;YAO Yuge;ZHANG Guoqing;ZHANG Daixin;MA Youfu;HUANG Zhong(Department of Energy and power Engineering,Tsinghua Unversity,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;College of Electrical and Power Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [2]上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海200093 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [4]太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2022年第12期18-29,共12页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家能源投资集团科技创新资助项目(神华准能2021-1729);国网冀北电力公司科技资助项目(SGTYHT/21-HS-225)。

摘　　要：炉内受热面磨损是影响循环流化床锅炉长周期安全稳定的主要因素,锅炉设计结构、燃用煤质特性、运行控制方式、检修维护水平等因素均会对磨损造成影响。磨损多集中于颗粒浓度高、烟气流速大、流场发生突变的区域,如炉膛密相区、过渡区、屏式受热面连接区、稀相区不规则部位、炉顶部和炉膛出口等位置。为减轻炉内磨损带来的危害,循环流化床锅炉一般通过降低炉膛烟气流速、让管设计、采用主动防磨或被动防磨技术手段进行防护。从使用效果来看,防磨梁、防磨格栅、金属喷涂、激光熔敷(熔覆)等措施均能在一定程度上缓解炉内受热面磨损,防磨技术的选用需要综合考虑其对炉内传热的影响以及检修维护的便利性,总体而言应用较广泛且效果较好的是金属格栅与金属喷涂或激光熔敷(熔覆)相结合的组合防磨技术。目前,循环流化床锅炉炉内磨损问题已得到有效控制,锅炉的连续运行周期和安全性显著改善。The wear of the heating surfaces is a key parameter on the long-term safe and stable operation for a circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler,and the wear is affected by many factors,such as the structure of the furnace,coal characteristics,operation method,and maintenance.Abrasion is always concentrated on areas with high solid volume fraction,high flow rate of flue gas and abrupt changes in flow field,such as dense zone,transition zone,connection area of platen heating surface,irregular parts in dilute region,the roof and outlet of furnace,and so on.Therefore,lower velocity of flue gas,the design of kick-out tube,and positive or passive anti-wearing methods are widely adopted to protect heating surfaces for purpose of attenuating adverse effects of the wear on the operation.As for the anti-wear effectiveness,anti-wear beam,metal grid,metal spraying,and laser cladding can all reduce the wear in the furnace to a certain extent,the influence on heat transfer and the convenience of inspection and maintenance need to be taken into consideration before selection of anti-wear technology.In general,the combination of metal grid and metal spraying or laser cladding has achieved the best use effect.At present,the wear problem in the furnace of the CFB boiler has been under effective control.The CFB boilers can continuously operate for longer hours and the operation safety has been significantly improved.

关 键 词：循环流化床锅炉 受热面磨损 磨损影响因素 防磨梁 防磨格栅 激光熔敷(熔覆) 

分 类 号：TQ53[化学工程—煤化学工程] TK114[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]