2021年1月哈尔滨市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行病学特征及传播链分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and transmission chain of COVID-19 in Harbin in January 2021

作　　者：李世娥[1] 孙洪娜 王艳[1] 姜宇婷 禹雪[1] 郦芒 周浩 王宇 唐道洲[1] 刘辉 杨超[1] 孙殿军 Li Shie;Sun Hongna;Wang Yan;Jiang Yuting;Yu Xue;Li Mang;Zhou Hao;Wang Yu;Tang Daozhou;Liu Hui;Yang Chao;Sun Dianjun(Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin 150056,China;Center for Endemic Disease Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology,National Health Commission&Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150081,China;Hangzhou Binjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,哈尔滨150056 [2]哈尔滨医科大学中国疾病预防控制中心地方病控制中心,国家卫生健康委病因流行病学重点实验室,黑龙江省普通高校病因流行病学重点实验室,黑龙江省微量元素与人类健康重点实验室,哈尔滨150081 [3]杭州市滨江区疾病预防控制中心,杭州310000

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2022年第10期845-849,共5页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的观察哈尔滨市新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的流行特征并进行溯源分析, 为完善COVID-19防疫措施、优化防控策略提供流行病学依据。方法应用中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统、突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统, 黑龙江省卫生健康委员会公开发布的疫情信息, 以及黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心和哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心流行病学调查(流调)报告, 采用描述流行病学方法进行2021年1月哈尔滨市COVID-19疫情分析。结合现场流调、血清学检测、基因测序和大数据等手段, 梳理主要传播链。结果 2021年1月12日至2月4日, 哈尔滨市共报告COVID-19感染者(包括确诊病例和无症状感染者)295例, 波及哈尔滨市6个区, 集中分布在全市274个乡镇中的41个乡镇。病例男女性别比为1.00∶1.12(139∶156);年龄中位数为45岁, 范围为1 ~ 86岁。确诊病例和无症状感染者比例为1.00∶1.02(146∶149), 二者年龄分布比较差异有统计学意义(P = 0.042)。感染者主要通过集中隔离人员健康筛查发现(178例, 60.3%);其次为主动筛查(87例, 29.5%), 居家隔离人员筛查(26例, 8.8%), 医疗机构就医(4例, 1.4%)。疫情主要传播链为某食品加工企业关联病例, 总计259例, 占病例总数的87.8%, 基因测序结果显示与黑龙江省绥化市望奎县病例序列同源。结论哈尔滨市此次COVID-19疫情中某食品加工企业为主要传播链, 提示COVID-19疫情防控工作需进一步加强对食品加工企业、冷链储存公司等企业的监督和管理, 对大中小型企业存在密闭空间的新型冠状病毒传播隐患应予以高度重视, 认真落实各项防控措施。Objective To observe the epidemiological characteristics and transmission chain of COVID-19 in Harbin,and to provide epidemiological evidence for improving the COVID-19 preventive measures and optimizing prevention and control strategies.MethodsThe epidemic situation of COVID-19 in Harbin in January 2021 was analyzed by using the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System and the Public Health Emergency Management Information System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,the epidemic situation information publicly released by the Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission,and the epidemiological report of Heilongjiang Province Certer for Disease Control and Prevention and Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The main transmission chains were sorted out through combination of epidemiological field investigation,serological testing,gene sequencing,big data and other means.Results From January 12 to February 4,2021,295 cases of COVID-19 infection(including confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections)were reported in Harbin,which affected 6 districts of Harbin and were concentrated in 41 of the 274 townships in the city.The sex ratio of male to female was 1.00:1.12(139:156);the age ranged from 1 to 86 years old,and the median age was 45 years old.The proportion of confirmed cases and asymptomatic infection was 1.00:1.02(146:149),and there was a significant difference in the distribution of different ages between them(P=0.042).The cases were mainly found through the health screening of the centralized isolation personnel(178 cases,60.3%).Other detection methods included active screening(87 cases,29.5%),screening of the home isolation personnel(26 cases,8.8%),and medical treatment in medical institutions(4 cases,1.4%).The main transmission chain of the outbreak was the case associated with a food processing enterprise,with a total of 259 cases,accounting for 87.8%of the total cases.The gene sequencing results showed that the case sequence was homologous with that of Wangk

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 食品加工企业 无症状感染者 流行特征 疫情溯源 

分 类 号：R511[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]