2022年8月世界卫生组织194个成员国百日咳疫苗免疫程序现状  

Pertussis vaccination schedules in 194 World Health Organization Member States, August 2022

作　　者：朱频频 吴丹[1] 李艺星[1] 郑徽[1] 姚建义[2] 尹遵栋[1] Zhu Pinpin;Wu Dan;Li Yixing;Zheng Hui;Yao Jianyi;Yin Zundong(National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Health Communication Center,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Bejing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心健康传播中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2022年第6期650-658,共9页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：中国CDC公共卫生应急反应机制的运行(131031001000200001)。

摘　　要：目的 分析世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)成员国的百日咳疫苗免疫程序现状。方法 通过WHO网站获取2022年8月11日更新的各成员国百日咳疫苗[包括无细胞百日咳疫苗(Acellular pertussis vaccine, aP)和全细胞百日咳疫苗(Whole-cell pertussis vaccine, wP)]免疫程序信息,描述性分析不同免疫程序的国家分布。结果 在194个WHO成员国中,共有99种不同的百日咳疫苗免疫程序,其中实施aP、wP、aP与wP混合免疫程序的国家分别为65个(33.51%)、117个(60.31%)、12个(6.19%)。所有国家实施≤6岁儿童3剂次、4剂次或5剂次百日咳疫苗免疫程序,其中实施5剂次的aP、wP、aP与wP混合免疫程序的国家分别为29个、33个、6个。174个(89.69%)国家的免疫程序起始年龄为1.5或2月龄。48个(24.74%)国家实施≥7岁儿童和青少年aP加强免疫。第1剂与第2剂、第2剂与第3剂接种间隔1或2个月的国家分别为182个(93.81%)、166个(85.57%)。第4剂接种年龄为4.5-24月龄、第5剂接种年龄为3-6岁、第6剂接种年龄为9-15岁的国家分别为110个(56.70%)、68个(35.05%)、28个(14.43%)。分别有13个(6.70%)、36个(18.56%)、7个(3.61%)国家实施成人、孕妇、医护人员aP接种。结论 WHO成员国百日咳疫苗免疫程序多采用仅aP或仅wP免疫程序,起始接种月龄主要为1.5或2月龄,前3剂次接种间隔多为1或2个月,且部分国家已开展大年龄儿童和青少年加强免疫,以及实施成人、孕妇、医护人员aP接种。建议中国探索青少年、成人、孕妇和医护人员百日咳疫苗免疫策略。Objective To analyze and describe current pertussis vaccination schedules in World Health Organization(WHO) Member States.Methods We obtained pertussis vaccination schedules, including acellular pertussis vaccine(aP) schedules and whole-cell pertussis vaccine(wP) schedules that were updated by WHO Member States on August 11, 2022 and conducted a descriptive analysis of the schedules.Results Ninety-nine different pertussis vaccine schedules are in use in the 194 WHO Member States, with aP, wP, and aP combined with wP being used in 65(33.51%), 117(60.31%), and 12(6.19%) countries, respectively. All countries used either a 3-, 4-, or 5-dose schedule for children ≤6 years of age, with 5-dose schedules of aP, wP, and aP combined with wP used in 29, 33, and 6 countries. The first dose is given at 1.5 or 2 months of age in 174(89.69%) countries. Children ≥7 years of age and adolescents receive aP boosters in 48(24.74%) countries. Intervals between first and second doses and between second and third doses are 1 or 2 months in 182(93.81%) and 166(85.57%) countries, respectively. The fourth dose is given at 4.5-24 months of age, the fifth dose at 3-6 years of age, and the sixth dose at 9-15 years of age in 110(56.70%), 68(35.05%), and 28(14.43%) countries. Adults, pregnant women, and health care workers receive aP in 13(6.70%), 36(18.56%), and 7(3.61%) countries.Conclusions Most WHO Member States use wP or aP immunization schedules, with the first dose given at 1.5 or 2 months of age with 1-or 2-month intervals in the first three doses. Some countries provide aP vaccination for older children, adolescents, adults, pregnant women, or health care workers. We suggest exploring pertussis immunization strategies for adolescents, adults, pregnant women, and health care workers in China.

关 键 词：百日咳疫苗 无细胞百日咳疫苗 全细胞百日咳疫苗 免疫程序 世界卫生组织 成员国 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R516.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]