永定河流域大型底栖动物功能摄食类群时空分布及生态评价  

Temporal-spatial distribution and ecological evaluation of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in Yongding River Basin

作　　者：张宇航 彭文启[1] 彭帅 张敏[1] 张海萍[1] 解莹[1] 葛金金 余杨[1] 渠晓东[1] ZHANG Yu-hang;PENG Wen-qi;PENG Shuai;ZHANG Min;ZHANG Hai-ping;XIE Ying;GE Jin-jin;YU Yang;QU Xiao-dong(China Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Hebei Province River and Lake Chief System Office,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]河北省河湖长制办公室,石家庄050000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2022年第12期3433-3440,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07101005);生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)资助。

摘　　要：2017年春季(4月)、夏季(7月)、秋季(11月)对永定河流域23个样点的大型底栖动物、水环境和水文因子进行了野外调查,分析了永定河流域大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的群落组成与时空分布特征及其对河流生境变化的响应情况。永定河流域3个季节共采集到大型底栖动物78种,隶属3门6纲39科,其中,春季52种、夏季50种、秋季53种,功能摄食类群以收集者占绝对优势,其次为捕食者,刮食者、滤食者、撕食者所占比例极低。3个季节优势种均属于收集者类群,春季优势种为直突摇蚊属、流水长跗摇蚊属、环足摇蚊属,夏季优势种为雕翅摇蚊属,秋季优势种为多足摇蚊属、摇蚊属、直突摇蚊属。冗余分析结果表明:水温、流速、盐度以及总磷是影响春季大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要影响因子;总磷、溶解氧、电导率以及流量是夏季大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要影响因子;总磷和溶解氧是影响秋季大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要影响因子;总磷在春、夏、秋季均与收集者类群表现出正相关性,表明永定河流域大型底栖动物功能摄食类群受到了水质污染的影响。基于功能摄食类群参数的评价表明:1)物质循环方面,妫水河初级生产力显著高于其他区域,秋季大于其他季节;洋河次级生产力和分解能力显著高于其他区域,春季大于其他季节,但洋河自养/异养作用显著低于其他区域,春季小于其他季节;2)纵向输入能力方面,桑干河显著高于其他区域,秋季大于其他季节;3)沿岸物质的输入方面,妫水河显著高于其他区域,夏季大于其他季节。We investigated community structure of macroinvertebrate,water environment factors,hydrological factors at 23 sampling sites of the Yongding River basin from spring 2017(April)to autumn 2017(November).We analyzed the composition,spatial and temporal distribution of the macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups,as well as their responses to changes in riverine habitat.A total of 78 macroinvertebrate species were identified,with 52,50 and 53 macroinvertebrate species in spring,summer and autumn respectively.The dominant functional feeding groups were gather-collectors,followed by predators,while the proportion of scrapers,filter-collectors and shredders were extremely low.Dominant species in the three seasons were all gather-collectors,including Orthocladius,Rheotanytarsus,Cricotopus in spring,Glyptotendipes in summer,and Polypedilum,Chironomus,Orthocladius in autumn.Results of redundancy analysis showed that the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrate community structure were mainly influenced by water temperature,flow velocity,salinity,and total phosphorus in spring,by total phosphorus,dissolved oxygen,conductivity and flow capacity in summer,and by total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen in autumn.Total phosphorus had positive correlation with gather-collectors in all three seasons,indicating that the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates were affected by water pollution.The evaluation based on the metrics of functional feeding groups showed that:1)in terms of material cycle,primary productivity of Guishui River were significantly higher than other regions,and that in autumn were significantly higher than other seasons.The secondary productivity and decomposition capacity of Yanghe River were significantly higher than other regions,and those in spring were significantly higher than other seasons.The autotrophy/heterotrophy of Yanghe River was significantly lower than other regions,and that in spring were significantly higher than other seasons.2)The longitudinal transport capacity of Sanggan Riv

关 键 词：永定河流域 功能摄食类群 时空动态 生态评价 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]