钨元素的发现及其概念的发展  

Discovery of Tungsten and Development of Its Concept

作　　者：董莉 袁振东[1] DONG Li;YUAN Zhen-Dong(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学化学化工学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2022年第23期119-122,共4页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

摘　　要：1781年,瑞典化学家舍勒在白钨矿中发现了钨酸,预测其中一定含有一种新金属元素,并将其命名为钨(Tungsten)。1783年,西班牙化学家德鲁亚尔兄弟从黑钨矿中成功提取出了舍勒所说的新金属单质,将其命名为钨(Wolfram)。1803年,英国化学家道尔顿原子论的提出,赋予钨元素新的含义:具有一定质量的钨原子。1930年以后,钨同位素的发现使人们对钨元素有了新认识,并逐渐形成了现代钨元素的概念。关于钨元素的认识经历了从假说到客观存在、从定性到定量、从宏观到微观的发展历程。钨元素概念的演变体现了科学思想和科学方法的进步。In 1781, the Swedish chemist Scheele discovered tungstic acid in scheelite, which he predicted must contain a new metallic element and named Tungsten. Then in 1783, the de Elhuyar brothers successfully extracted what Scheele said from the wolframite, and named it Wolfram. In 1803, the English chemist Dalton’s atomic theory was introduced, giving a new meaning to the element tungsten: a tungsten atom with a certain mass. After 1930, the discovery of tungsten isotopes led to a new understanding of tungsten element and gradually formed the modern concept of tungsten element. The understanding of tungsten element has gone through a developmental process from hypothesis to objective existence, from qualitative to quantitative, and from macroscopic to microscopic. The evolution of the concept of tungsten element reflects the progress of scientific thought and scientific method.

关 键 词：钨酸 钨单质 钨元素 钨同位素 

分 类 号：O614.613[理学—无机化学]