大国战略竞争背景下美国稀土产业链的重建及其影响  

Strategic Competition and Rebuilding of the U.S. Rare Earth Industrial Chain

作　　者：刘建伟[1] LIU Jianwei(Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学国防经济与管理研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2022年第12期52-63,共12页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“美国对华战略竞争的财经运筹和动员研究”(21BGJ075);北京高校高精尖学科“战略经济与军民融合”交叉学科基金项目(GJJ2019163);中央财经大学2022年度“青年英才”培育支持计划项目(QYP2212)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：作为稀土消费大国,美国一方面高度依赖中国稀土产品,另一方面又视中国为战略竞争对手,担心中国会把稀土当作反美国制裁的工具,这是美国强烈关切其稀土供应安全问题的根源。在此背景下,美国前后两届政府均高度重视稀土安全问题,积极推动重建本土稀土产业链,并取得不小进展。不过,美国重建稀土产业链的进程也面临不少阻力,包括市场竞争、环保压力、人力不足、新冠疫情等。美国重建稀土产业链、寻求对华稀土“脱钩”将给中国带来一些负面影响,我国应密切关注、加强研究、积极应对。China is the biggest supplier of rare earth products to the U.S., Which is highly dependent on Chinese rare earth products while seeing China as its strategic competitor. This is the cause of the U.S. concern about its rare earth security. Under this circumstance, the US government pays considerable attention to the rare earth security, tries to rebuild its rare earth industrial chain, and has made substantial progress in the field. However, some obstacles remain in the U.S. rebuilding of rare earth industrial chain, including market competition, environmental pressure, labor shortages and the Covid-19. The decoupling in the rare earth connections between China and the U.S. will have, to some degree, negative impacts over China. This raises our attention to, research on and responses to the changing situation.

关 键 词：稀土产业链 国家安全 战略竞争 出口管制 经济制裁 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]