考古学视野下古代玉器反映的文化迁徙与融合  

Cultural Migration and Integration Reflected by Ancient Jade Artifacts from the Archaeological Perspective

作　　者：朱乃诚[1] ZHU Naicheng(The Institute of Archeology CASS,Beijing 100710,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《宝石和宝石学杂志（中英文）》2022年第6期1-12,共12页Journal of Gems & Gemmology

摘　　要：玉器在中国古代是一种具有核心价值观的重要器物。在社会发展产生了等级分化、产生了玉礼器以后,可以通过玉器、尤其是玉礼器反映的不同族群之间的文化交流现象探讨其所隐含的文化迁徙与融合问题。这种古代文化交流现象所隐含的文化迁徙与融合问题,很难由一两件玉器的交换、赠予来体现,需要有产生文化迁徙的原发地与文化融合发生地之间存在着较多的相同的玉器器类与器形的证据才能确认,是两种文化意识观念的交流与传播的结果。本文用三个不同的例子来说明和体现史前存在的几种不同的文化交流类型。其中,红山文化晚期后段与凌家滩文化玉器所体现的两者之间的文化交流现象很可能与文化迁徙与融合有关;岭南地区发现的诸多的良渚文化玉器体现的是良渚文化的一支迁徙到岭南地区后与当地本土文化发生了文化融合;而在成都平原地区的三星堆文化、福建沿海地区,珠江三角洲一带出土了二里头文化的牙璋、当地也有仿制的牙璋出现反映的则是夏遗民与当地居民的文化融合现象。Jade artifact is a kind of significant artifact with core values in ancient China. After the social development produced the hierarchical differentiation and ritual jade artifact, we can discuss the question about cultural migration and integration implied by jade ritual artifact through the phenomenon of cultural exchange between different ethnic groups. To answer the question about cultural migration and integration between two cultural ideologies under ancient cultural exchange, it is necessary to provide evidence that there are many identical types and shapes of jade artifacts between the origin of cultural migration and the place where cultural integration takes place instead of just a few jade artifacts for exchange or gift. In fact, the cultural interaction is caused by communication and transmission of two kinds of cultural ideologies. This paper provides three different examples to illustrate the different types of cultural interaction in prehistoric times:(1) the culture exchange reflected by the jade artifacts produced between the late period of Hongshan Culture and Lingjiatan Culture might be related to cultural migration and integration;(2) many Liangzhu Culture jade artifacts found in Lingnan area hinted that a branch of Liangzhu Culture migrated to Lingnan area and merged with the local culture;(3) yazhang from Erlitou Culture unearthed from the Sanxingdui Culture sites in Chengdu Plain, the coastal areas of Fujian Province, and the region of Pearl River Delta and its imitations discovered that were produced in these areas indicated the cultural integration of Xia survivors and local residents.

关 键 词：玉器 玉琮 牙璋 凌家滩文化 良渚文化 二里头文化 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TS93[历史地理—历史学]