设施蓝莓中华蜜蜂和地熊蜂访花行为及授粉效果比较研究  

The Comparative Studies of Visiting Behaviors and Pollination Effects between Apis cerana and Bombus terrestris for Blueberry in Facilities

作　　者：钟义海[1] 韩文素[1] 王释婕 赵珊[1] 高景林[1] ZHONG Yihai;HAN Wensu;WANG Shijie;ZHAO Shan;GAO Jinglin(Environment and Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2022年第11期33-36,共4页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家蜂产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-44-SYZ 11);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才(No.321RC1090)。

摘　　要：为筛选适合海南省设施蓝莓授粉的蜂种,对中华蜜蜂和地熊蜂的访花行为和授粉效果进行比较研究。结果表明:地熊蜂和中华蜜蜂的访花行为存在差异,地熊蜂个头大,在访花过程中容易将快要凋谢的花朵扯落,有助于预防霉菌的发生;地熊蜂平均访花数为(5.37±0.22)朵/min,显著高于中华蜜蜂的(3.20±0.22)朵/min;中华蜜蜂单花访花时间为(13.05±1.01)s,显著高于地熊蜂的(7.93±0.61)s;9:30–10:00是中华蜜蜂访蓝莓花的高峰期,12:30–13:00为地熊蜂访蓝莓花的高峰期;单位面积蓝莓中华蜜蜂访花蜂数量平均为(17.70±2.02)只,地熊蜂为(12.22±2.95)只,二者差异不显著;中华蜜蜂为设施蓝莓授粉的座果率和平均单果重分别为82.38%、(3.10±0.12)g,均显著高于地熊蜂的64.91%、(2.81±0.09)g,但二者的平均株产量和亩产量差异不显著。由此说明,单只地熊蜂授粉效率高于中华蜜蜂,但群体的中华蜜蜂授粉效果高于地熊蜂。综合考虑,建议选用中华蜜蜂为海南设施蓝莓授粉。In order to select facility blueberry pollinator species in Hainan province, the visiting behavior and pollination effect of A. cerana and B. terrestris were compared.The results indicated that A. cerana acted differently from B. terrestris in pollination behavior. As B. terrestris is large, flowers could be torn off in the process of pollination, helping to prevention of mildew. The frequency of visiting flowers per minute and duration of visiting each flower were significantly different between the two pollinators, i. e. B. terrestris’ s frequency of visiting flowers per minute was(5.37 ± 0.22) times and A. cerana’s was(3.20 ± 0.22) times, B. terrestris’ s duration of visiting each flower was(7.93 ± 0.61) and A. cerana’s(13.05 ± 1.01) s. The period of 9: 30 – 10: 00 was the peak of A. cerana visiting blueberry, and 12: 30 – 13: 00 was the peak of B. terrestris. The average number of A. cerana ccollecting flowers on blueberry per unit area was(17.70 ± 2.02), the number of B. terrestris’ s was(12.22 ± 2.95), the difference was not significant. The fruit setting rate and average fruit weight of A. cerana pollinated blueberry in facilities were 82.38% and(3.10 ± 0.12) g, respectively, both significantly higher than that of B. terrestris’ s 64.91%and(2.81 ± 0.09) g. However, there was no significantly difference in average yield per plant and average yield of 667 m~2 between the two pollinators. In conclusion, the pollination efficiency of single B. terrestris was higher than that of A. cerana, but in colony, the result was quite different. The Hainan facilities blueberry pollination recommended to choose A. cerana.

关 键 词：蜜蜂授粉 蓝莓 行为 座果率 产量 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学] S897.3[农业科学—园艺学]