英美“世界文明史”编撰述评  

A Review of the Compilation of“World Civilization History”in British and American Academia

作　　者：杨清 Yang Qing

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,成都610064

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期24-33,187,188,共12页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“东方古代文艺理论重要范畴、话语体系研究与资料整理”(19ZDA289)。

摘　　要：随着文明互鉴理念的深入阐发与实践,国内学界开始重新审视甚至极力改变以西方为主导的文明观,文明成为我国当前讨论的核心问题,重写文明史势在必行。重写文明史的首要任务,即要清晰把握以英美为代表的西方整体文明史著作的编撰概况和存在的问题,为全球问题提供“中国视野”“中国方案”,阐释新时代中国的文明观,传播中国的理论话语。自19世纪英美编撰整体文明史以来,至今已有近百部著作问世,对人类文明发展规律的总结有所贡献。但英美世界文明史编撰存在诸多问题:早期文明史书写缺失印度、中国等东方文明;极力贬低东方文明或亚洲文明,将其视为人类文明发展的“幼年期”以衬托西方文明的优越性;西方与非西方文明失衡,西方文明是主要内容;存在史实错误,认为东方民族非文明的源头;缺乏历史书写的严肃性和客观性,将中国王朝的衰退归结于中国语言文字的复杂性,将印第安文明的毁灭归结于其不适应西方文明。其中,最严重的问题即是西方霸权式的文明观始终存在:或大肆宣扬欧洲海外扩张和殖民带来的“世界性影响”,或将16世纪以来的时代统称为“西方统治时代”,甚至将人类从古至今的文明完全置于西方主导的“全球化”浪潮中,一种新型欧洲中心论日渐凸显。With the in-depth interpretation and practice of the concept of“mutual learning among civilizations”,the domestic academia re-examines and even tries to change the West-dominated view of civilization.Civilization has become an important subject in China,and it is imperative to rewrite the history of civilization.The primary task of rewriting is to have an overview and the problems of civilization history compilation in the West represented by Britain and the United States before we can resolve these problems and explain China s civilization view,construct and spread China s discourse,and help to present a multi-symbiotic world civilization.Since the 19th century when Britain and the United States compiled the overall history of civilization,nearly 100 books have been published.After World War II,the British and American academic community tried to break through former narrow ethnocentrism and Eurocentrism thinking patterns,gradually formed a global view of history,and published a number of world civilization histories with a holistic perspective,contributing to the summary of the development laws of human civilization.In order to clearly present the compilation of world civilization history in Britain and the United States since the 19th century,this paper divides it into four stages:compilations before the 20th century reveal narrow ethnocentrism;compilations from the beginning of the 20th century to World War II gradually extricate from the shackles of narrow Ethnocentrism,forming a world view of history with an obvious Eurocentric thinking at the same time;compilations from the World War II to the end of the 20th century still have a sense of Western national superiority,although a global view of history has been gradually formed;compilations in the 21th century break the writing mode of traditional civilization history and seek a new perspective to compile civilization.This paper selects representative works in each period for analysis with both macro review and micro research,especially focuses on the pu

关 键 词：世界文明史 文明观 民族中心主义 欧洲中心论 文明互鉴 

分 类 号：K103[历史地理—历史学]