立法方法论的理论反思与实践性重构  

Theoretical Reflection and Practical Reconstruction of Legislative Methodology

作　　者：张婷婷 Zhang Tingting

机构地区：[1]中共广东省委党校(广东行政学院)法学教研部,广州510053

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期138-146,196,197,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：作为立法理论体系的重要组成部分,立法方法论长期被遮蔽在“司法方法论”范畴之下,甚至一度被学术界和立法实务界忽视。当前关于立法方法论的研究,主要分化为“本体论”和“认识论”两种观点,其本质是形式合理性与实质合理性之间的冲突,缺陷是停留于静态立法方法的形式差异,而忽略了立法方法的动态应用(立法实践)分析。实际上,在动态应用视角下,实践论就是对本体论和认识论的继承和发展,是立法者“从实践出发”诠释立法方法的理论结果。它表现出强烈的“立法/法律二元化”倾向,并被看作是动态的方法选择和立法优化的方法策略。而实践论下的立法方法论体系构造,也以“归纳”概念及其逻辑为依托,凝结出“方法有效性+结果有效性”这一复合型结构,由此形成一套集合价值型方法、技术型方法和创新型方法的方法体系。As an important part of the legislative theory system,the legislative methodology has long been covered in the category of“judicial methodology”,and has even been ignored by the academic circle and the legislative practice circle.The current research on legislation methodology is divided into“ontology”and“epistemology”.The former focuses on the origin of legislation methodology and tries to explore the theoretical scheme of“what is the legislative method”by answering the inevitable question of“what method should be adopted to achieve the effective creation of law”.The latter aims at the discovery or formation path of law,and in order to solve the problem of“how the draft legislation finds the legal norm”.The distinction between“ontology”and“epistemology”is essentially a conflict between formal rationality and substantive rationality.The defect lies in staying on the formal difference of static legislative methods,while ignoring the dynamic application analysis of legislative methods.The method selection in legislative practice neither strictly follows the logical relationship between“fact and norm”,nor lies in the clear guidance of the meta-rule of legislative methodology,but provides a“more reliable and persuasive”strategy for some legislative intention.This strategy is manifested as dynamic method selection and legislative optimization,which is the theoretical result of legislator s interpretation of legislative method“from practice”,showing a strong tendency of“legislation/law dualism”.The concept of“induction”is a common concept in legislative practice of written law countries:Under the influence of induction and its logic,legislators can only obtain a relatively accurate legislative result based on limited experience.Only by placing the“inductive”behavior in the social context for testing repeatedly,can we ensure that the inductive behavior meets the dual requirements of society and legislation,and go on to improve the overall quality of legislation.Bas

关 键 词：立法方法论 实践论 归纳逻辑 方法正义 

分 类 号：D903[政治法律—法学理论]