“关系”影响法律运作的原理、机制与后果  

Principles,Mechanisms and Consequences of Legal Operation Affecting by“Guanxi”

作　　者：伍德志[1] Wu Dezhi

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2023年第1期17-31,共15页Law Science

摘　　要：“关系”具有情境中心主义的特征,其运作以情感为铺垫谋求工具性目的,并且容易形成超制度的义务性压力。“关系”本质上是私人性的,在制度运作过程中容易导致公私不分。“关系”以人情与脸面为影响法律运作的核心机制,人情能够产生超法律的义务压力,实现对违法行为的正当化;脸面不仅可能对法律权力进行正向与逆向再生产,还有可能将法律权威异化为脸面的维护。“关系”不仅导致了合法与非法区分的情境化,也导致了法律与私德之间界限的模糊化,并最终使法律运作在结构形象上呈现为表里不一的双层交往系统。为克服“关系”对法律运作的不当影响,需要对法律领域的“关系”实践进行全面规范与限制,确立“关系”实践与法律实践之间的制度屏障,以及树立对于法律运作“表里如一”的制度信任。“Guanxi”has the characteristic of situational centralism.Its operation seeks instrumental purposes with emotion as the foundation,and is easy to form the obligatory pressure beyond the system.“Guanxi”is private in nature,but it easily leads to the no separation of public and private sphere in the process of system operation.“Guanxi”takes reqing and lianmian as the core mechanism to affect the operation of law.Renqing can generate pressure of obligation beyond law and realize the justification of illegal behaviors.Lianmian may not only reproduce legal power in the forward and reverse direction,but also dissimilate legal authority into the maintenance of lianmian.“Guanxi”not only leads to the contextualization of the distinction between legal and illegal behavior,but also leads to the blurring of the boundary between law and private morality,and finally makes legal operation appear as a doublelayer communication system of duplicity in structure image.In order to overcome the improper influence of“Guanxi”on legal operation,it is necessary to conduct comprehensive regulation and restriction on“Guanxi”practice in the legal field,establish the institutional boundary between“Guanxi”practice and legal practice,and establish institutional trust for legal operation“being same between inside and outside”.

关 键 词：“关系” 人情 脸面 法律运作 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]