旱地冬小麦夏闲期种植不同豆科绿肥对还田养分和土壤有机碳、氮组分的影响  

Effects of planting legume green manure crops in summer fallow period of dryland winter wheat on nutrient returning,soil organic carbon and nitrogen components

作　　者：黄璐 李廷亮[1,2,3] 李顺 吕卓呈 王嘉豪 HUANG Lu;LI Ting-liang;LI Shun;LYU Zhuo-cheng;WANG Jia-hao(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;National Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment Experimental Teaching,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High Quality and Efficient Production of Characteristic Crops on Loess Plateau,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学,农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心,山西太谷030801 [3]黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2022年第12期2335-2343,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心基金项目(SBGJXTZX^(-2)5)资助。

摘　　要：探究适合晋南旱塬冬小麦填闲种植的绿肥作物,为冬小麦绿色生产提供理论依据。采用大田试验,研究了旱塬冬小麦夏闲期种植翻压草木樨、柽麻、大豆、黑豆、绿豆、乌豇豆等6种绿肥作物的养分归还效应,以及对麦田土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、可溶性有机氮(DON)、颗粒态有机碳(POC)、颗粒态有机氮(PON)和轻重组有机碳(LFOC、HFOC)、轻重组有机氮(LFON、HFON)组分的影响。结果表明:6种绿肥作物的总养分归还量(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)以绿豆、黑豆、乌豇豆最高,为104.77~121.82 kg·hm^(-2)。与传统农户模式相比,种植翻压不同绿肥作物均可显著提高土壤微生物量碳,提高幅度为27%~57%,但对土壤微生物量氮影响不显著。不同处理间土壤可溶性有机碳、颗粒态有机碳、重组有机碳、轻组有机氮和重组有机氮含量差异不显著,但与传统农户模式相比,种植翻压黑豆、绿豆显著提高了土壤可溶性有机氮含量,提高幅度为27%~55%,种植翻压大豆显著提高了土壤颗粒态有机氮和轻组有机碳含量,提高幅度分别为31%和162%。研究表明,黄土旱塬冬小麦夏闲期种植翻压大豆、绿豆、黑豆具有相对较高的养分归还效应,且对土壤活性有机碳、氮库的影响尤为显著。The objective of this study was to screen green manure crops suitable for planting in dryland winter wheat fallow period of southern Shanxi Province,and thus to provide theoretical basis for green production of winter wheat.An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of planting different green manure crops(sweet clover,sun hemp,soybean,black soybean,mung bean and catjang cowpea)on the amount of nutrient returning,soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and nitrogen(MBN),dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and nitrogen(DON),particulate organic carbon(POC)and nitrogen(PON),light fraction organic carbon(LFOC)and nitrogen(LFON),heavy fraction carbon(HFOC)and nitrogen(HFON).Results showed that total content of returning nutrient(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)of mung bean and catjang cowpea treatments were the highest among all green manure crops,which ranged from 104.77 kg·hm^(-2)to 121.82 kg·hm^(-2).Compared with traditional farming pattern,planting green manure crops significantly increased MBC by 27%-57%,but did not affect MBN.There was no significant difference in soil DOC,POC,HFOC,LFON and HFON contents among different treatments.Compared with traditional farming pattern,black soybean and mung bean treatments significantly increased soil DON content by 27%-55%,and the soybean treatment significantly increased soil PON and LFOC content by 31%and 162%,respectively.Our results indicated that planting soybean,mung bean,and black soybean during summer fallow period had relatively high nutrient return and consequently positive effect on soil active organic carbon and nitrogen pools of winter wheat fields in the dry Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：冬小麦 绿肥 土壤有机碳组分 土壤有机氮组分 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]