废旧电器拆解场地周边污染区土壤-植物系统重金属积累特征和生态风险  

Accumulation and ecological risk of heavy metals in soil-plant system of the contaminated area around an E-waste dismantling site

作　　者：李姣姣 赵学强[1,2] 王嘉林 李小莉 沈仁芳 LI Jiao-jiao;ZHAO Xue-qiang;WANG Jia-lin;LI Xiao-li;SHEN Ren-fang(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2022年第12期2432-2439,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1803704);国家自然科学基金项目(42020104004)资助。

摘　　要：废旧电器拆解活动对场地周边土壤质量和作物安全生产具有潜在威胁。本文采用生物富集系数、生物转运系数、相关分析、单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、生态危害指数等指标和方法,研究了废旧电器拆解场地周边污染区10种优势植物根区土壤和根茎叶中Cr、Ni、Zn、Mn、Pb的吸收转运特征和污染程度,以明确土壤-植物系统中重金属积累特征和生态风险。结果表明,调研区域土壤5种重金属的污染程度依次为Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Mn,但生态危害都较轻;10种植物对5种重金属的富集能力都不高,其中Zn易被大多数植物转移到地上部;植物根重金属积累对土壤重金属含量最敏感,其次是叶,茎最不敏感,不同重金属(如Ni、Zn、Pb)在吸收和转运过程中存在协同作用。上述结果为土壤重金属吸收转运机制、生态风险评价以及污染修复提供了理论依据。E-waste disassembly activity is a potential threat to soil quality and safe production of crops in cropland nearby. We investigated the accumulation of Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn, and Pb in root-surrounding soils, roots, stems, and leaves of ten dominant plant species growing in cropland near an E-waste dismantling site. We used single factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, and potential ecological harm index to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals. The absorption and transport of heavy metals in the soil-plant system were explored by bio-concentration factor, bio-transfer factor, and correlation analyses. The results showed that the pollution level of five heavy metals in soils followed the order Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Mn, but their ecological risk was very low. All the 10 plant species had low capacity to accumulate heavy metals. Zn was easily transported to the shoots. Root was the most sensitive organ to the content of heavy metals in soil, followed by leaf, and stem was less sensitive. The adsorption and transport of different heavy metals were synergetic in soil-plant system. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the mechanisms of adsorption and transport of different heavy metals, ecological risk evaluation, and heavy metal pollution remediation in the E-waste dismantling site.

关 键 词：植物 协同作用 吸收转运 相关分析 污染程度 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]