2020年北京市朝阳区新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者感染危险因素分析  

Infection-related risk factors of close contacts of COVID-19 cases in Chaoyang district of Beijing,2020

作　　者：张芳蕾[1] 苏微 张妍妍 黄立勇[1] 张政[1] 梁妍[1] 王海滨[1] 马建新[1] ZHANG Fang-lei;SU Wei;ZHANG Yan-yan;HUANG Li-yong;ZHANG Zheng;LIANG Yan;WANG Hai-bin;MA Jian-xin(Department of Epidemiologyand Endemic Disease Control,Chaoyang District Center for DiseasesControl and Prevention,Beijing10002l,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心流病科,北京100021 [2]河北医科大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2022年第11期863-867,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2021年度北京市重大疫情防治重点专科项目。

摘　　要：目的 分析2020年北京市朝阳区新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)病例密切接触者及其感染危险因素,为COVID-19疫情防控提供科学依据。方法 纳入2020年现住朝阳区北京本地COVID-19病例相关的密切接触者,对密切接触者人群特征、感染分布特征等资料进行描述及统计分析,采用多因素logistic回归分析密切接触者感染危险因素。结果 2020年朝阳区COVID-19密切接触者感染率为4.41%(36/817)。<10岁及≥60岁年龄组感染率高于其他年龄组。与病例关系中以家属感染率最高(25.61%),接触频率以经常接触感染率最高(23.08%),接触地点以家中感染率最高(19.44%),接触方式中同住(15.51%)、同餐的感染率(9.68%)均高于短时间近距离接触的感染率(0.27%);确诊病例密切接触者感染率(9.23%)高于无症状感染密切接触者感染率(0.24%)。病例发病前2~4 d的密切接触者均未感染,全部感染的密切接触者均在14 d隔离期内转归,33.33%密切接触者发病时间早于末次暴露时间。多因素logistic回归分析显示,同事朋友感染风险为家属的0.26倍,OR值及95%CI为0.26(0.12~0.54)。结论 本次调查的病例发病前2 d开始具有传染性,家属关系是密切接触者感染COVID-19的危险因素,应尽早做到对密切接触者精准管控,从而有效遏制COVID-19疫情蔓延。Objective To analyze the infection-related risk factors of close contacts of COVID-19 cases in Beijin, 2020, so as to provide a scientific reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Close contacts related to local COVID-19 cases in Chaoyang district of Beijing in 2020 were included in the study.The population characteristics and the distribution characteristics of the close contacts were described and statistically analyzed.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of infection of close contacts. Results The overall infection rate was 4.41%(36/817) among the close contacts of COVID-19 cases.The infection rates were higher in the age group of under 10 years old and those over 60 years old compared to other age groups.The infection rate was the highest among family members of COVID-19 cases(25.61%), those having frequent contact with cases(23.08%), at home contact(19.44%), those living together(15.51%) and eating together with cases(9.68%), while the infection rate was lower among short-term close contact(0.27%).The infection rate was higher among close contacts of confirmed cases than those of asymptomatic COVID-19cases(9.23% vs 0.24%).None of the close contacts who closely contacted with cases 2to 4days before the onset of COVID-19.All 36infected close contacts became ill during the 14-day quarantine period.33.33% of close contacts had tdisease onset time earlier than the last exposure time.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the infection risk of colleagues and friends was 0.26times that of family members,with the ORof 0.26and 95%CI of(0.12-0.54). Conclusions COVID-19case is contagious 2days before disease onset.Family relationship is a risk factor for close contacts to contract the virus.Close contacts should be precisely controlled as soon as possible,so as to effectively kill the spreading of COVID-19pandemic.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 密切接触者 流行病学特征 危险因素 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学] R563.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]