川西北草原鼠荒地治理技术研究  

Techniques for vegetation restoration of rodent damaged grassland in northwestern Sichuan Provience

作　　者：王钰 周俗[1] 赖秀兰 根呷羊批 杨思维 陈立坤[1] 牛培莉 李开章 钟小山 WANG Yu;ZHOU Su;LAI Xiu-lan;CHEN Li-kun;LI Kai-zhang;YAN Lin;GEN Gayangpi;ZHONG Xiao-shan;无(Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Alpine Grassland Ecological Restoration Tech-nology Research and Engineering Center,Chengdu 611743,China;College of Animal Sciences and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Aba Forestry and Grassland Administration,Barkam 624000,China;Zoige County Bureau of Science,Technology and Agriculture and Animal Husbandr,Zoige 624500,China;Ganzi grassland Workstation,Kangding 606600,China.)

机构地区：[1]四川省草原科学研究院,青藏高原高寒草地生态修复技术研究工程中心,四川成都611743 [2]四川农业大学动物科技学院,四川成都611130 [3]西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,四川成都610041 [4]阿坝州林业和草原局,四川马尔康624000 [5]若尔盖县科学技术和农业畜牧局,四川若尔盖624500 [6]甘孜州草原工作站,四川康定626000

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2022年第5期73-80,共8页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504803);高寒草地高原鼢鼠栖息地选择机制研究(2019YJ0569);青藏高原草地鼠害控制新技术效果评价(2018CC0137);四川饲草创新团队专项建设资金(sccxtd-2020-16)。

摘　　要：对四川省阿坝州若尔盖县鼠荒地采取“害鼠控制+围栏封育+禁牧+整地施肥+草种补播”的综合治理措施,并于治理前(2017年)和治理后(2018—2020年),采用堵洞开洞法调查高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)有效洞口数量,利用植物群落调查法调查植物群落结构和植物物种多样性,分析治理后高原鼠兔相对种群密度、植物群落结构和植物物种多样性的变化。结果显示:治理后第1年、第2年和第3年,高原鼠兔有效洞口数分别减少了90.4%、90.6%和64.7%;植物种类分别增加了60.0%、40.0%和35.0%;植被平均高度分别增加了437.3%、441.0%和442.2%;植被盖度增幅分别为153.6%、152.0%和140.8%;平均鲜草产量分别达到15862.5、15007.5和12547.5 kg/hm^(2),比治理前分别增加了272.2%、252.0%和194.3%;丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数在治理1年后分别增加了60.0%、26.0%、11.6%和8.9%,治理2年后分别增加了40.0%、27.6%、13.3%和14.7%,治理3年后分别增加了35.0%、27.9%、13.6%和16.3%。该综合治理措施有效地提高了试验区植被的高度、盖度和地上生物量,增加了物种丰富度和多样性指,改变了植物群落结构,降低了高原鼠兔种群密度。For the restoration of severely rodent damaged grassland in Ruoergai County,Aba Prefecture,Sichuan Province,a comprehensive control measurement of"rodent control+grazing exclusion+grazing prohibited+soil preparation and fertilization+reseed of grass seed"were adopted.From 2017 to 2020,the number of effective openings in the plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)was investigated by plugging holes and opening holes.The plant community structure and plant species diversity were investigated by using the plant community survey method.The changes of relative population density,plant community structure and plant species diversity were analyzed after treatment.Results of the 3 year experiments showed that:1)The effective hole number of plateau pika decreased by 90.4%,90.6%and 64.7%,respectively;2)The plant species increased by 60.0%,40.0%and 35.0%,respectively;3)The average height of vegetation increased by 437.3%,441.0%and 442.2%,respectively;4)The vegetation coverage increased by 153.6%,152.0%and 140.8%,respectively;5)The yield of fresh grass reached 15862.5 kg/hm^(2),15007.5 kg/hm^(2)and 12547.5 kg/hm^(2),which increased by 272.2%,252.0%and 194.3%,respectively;6)The richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou index increased by 60.0%,26.0%,11.6%and 8.9%,respectively after the first years of the comprehensive measurement,these increased by 40.0%,27.6%,13.3%and 14.7%after the second year,and these increased by 35.0%,27.9%,13.6%and 16.3%,respectively after three years.

关 键 词：鼠荒地 害鼠控制 围栏封育 补播 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]