施肥对闽北雷竹生长及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Fertilization on the Growth and Soil Ferti lity of Phyllostachys praecox in Northern Fujian

作　　者：陈元镇[1] 方栋龙[1] CHEN Yuanzhen(Fujian Forestry Vocational&Technical College,Nanping 353000,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建林业职业技术学院,福建南平353000

出　　处：《福建林业科技》2022年第4期49-52,58,共5页Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：福建林业职业技术学院院士专家工作站科研项目(2019YSZ002)。

摘　　要：于2019年,在福建省南平市顺昌县双溪街道吉舟村,对闽北低产雷竹林开展施肥试验,探讨不同施肥处理(施用氮磷钾复合肥、施用有机肥、套种绿肥,以不施肥为对照)对雷竹生长、出笋量以及林地土壤养分的影响。结果表明:施用有机肥和套种绿肥,能有效改善竹林质量,竹林平均胸径、平均株高、出笋数量、平均单笋重和单位面积笋产量表现较优,上述5项指标均显著大于不施肥或使用化肥的处理,分别比使用化肥和不施肥的提高8.17%~17.80%、11.72%~21.64%、12.72%~21.84%、11.72%~33.32%和25.93%~62.43%;不同施肥处理对土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾等养分含量均产生显著影响,其中施用有机肥和套种绿肥改良土壤肥力效果明显,与不施肥或施用化肥的比较,土壤有机质、全氮量、水解氮和有效磷含量均有较大的提高;土壤全氮和有效磷与雷竹的生长及产笋性能指标相关性较为密切,提高土壤的有效磷和氮素水平是雷竹土壤管理的核心技术。闽北雷竹经营过程中的较优施肥为施用腐熟的鸡粪9000 kg·hm^(-2)或套种印度豇豆52500株·hm^(-2),可在生产中推广应用。In 2019,in Jizhou Village,Shuangxi Street,Shunchang County,Nanping City,Fujian Province,a fertilization experiment was carried out on the low yield Phyllostachys praecox forest in northern Fujian to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments(applying nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer,applying organic fertilizer,interplanting green fertilizer,with no fertilization as the control)on the growth,shoot yield and soil nutrients of the forest land of Phyllostachys praecox.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer and interplanting green manure could effectively improve the quality of bamboo forests.The average diameter at breast height,average plant height,number of shoots,average weight of single shoot and yield of shoots per unit area of bamboo forests were better.The above five indicators were significantly greater than those of the treatments without fertilizer or chemical fertilizer,which were 8.17%~17.80%,11.72%~21.64%,12.72%~21.84%,11.72%~33.32%and 25.93%~62.43%higher than those of the treatments without fertilizer or chemical fertilizer respectively;Different fertilization treatments have significant effects on the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,among which the application of organic fertilizer and interplanting green manure have obvious effects on improving soil fertility.Compared with the application of no fertilizer or chemical fertilizer,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus have been greatly increased;the total nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil are closely related to the growth and shoot production performance of Phyllostachys praecox.Improving the available phosphorus and nitrogen levels in soil is the core technology of soil management of Phyllostachys praecox.The optimal fertilization in the management process of Phyllostachys praecox in northern Fujian is to apply 9000 kg rotten chicken manure per hm^(2) or i

关 键 词：雷竹 土壤管理 肥力特性 生长发育 竹笋产量 

分 类 号：S795.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S714.8[农业科学—林学]