微润灌溉配合减量施肥对设施番茄土壤铵态氮分布及淋失的影响  

Effects of micro-irrigation combined with reduced fertilization on distribution and leaching of ammonium nitrogen in protected tomato soil

作　　者：吕诗 魏欢 王小敏 刘猛 姜长松 段亚军 张玉坤 杨志新 LYU Shi;WEI Huan;WANG Xiaomin;LIU Meng;JIANG Changsong;DUAN Yajun;ZHANG Yukun;YANG Zhixin(College of Resources and Environment Science/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2022年第6期39-44,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(19223811D);现代农业产业技术体系河北省创新团队建设项目(HBCT2018030206)。

摘　　要：为探究微润灌溉配合减量施肥对设施菜田土壤铵态氮分布及淋失的影响,本研究在河北永清开展设施番茄田间小区试验,设置CT(传统灌溉+传统施肥)、CY(传统灌溉+减量施肥)、WY(微润灌溉+减量施肥)、CK(微润灌溉+不施肥)4个处理,研究了番茄各生育期土壤剖面铵态氮含量分布特征和淋失差异规律。结果表明:WY较CT处理土壤剖面铵态氮含量显著下降,在苗期40~60 cm、花期20~40 cm和40~60 cm、膨果三穗果期80~100 cm土层上降幅分别为53.34%、17.23%、39.78%、21.86%。不同处理全生育期铵态氮淋失量在0.66~1.57 kg/hm^(2)之间,其中苗期淋失量占全生育期的50%以上;WY处理仅在苗期和花期收集到了淋溶液;全生育期WY处理铵态氮淋失量较CT处理降低了57.89%。同时微润灌溉水分利用效率(81.19 kg/m^(3))约是传统灌溉的2倍,且未降低番茄产量。因此,综合番茄产量、铵态氮淋失和水氮资源投入因素,推荐微润灌溉配合减量施肥作为设施蔬菜栽培的水肥管理模式,以促进农业可持续发展。In order to explore the effects of micro-irrigation with reduced fertilization on the distribution and leaching of ammonium nitrogen in protected vegetable field,a plot experiment of protected tomato was carried out in Yongqing,Hebei Province.In this study,four treatments were set up through field,including CT(traditional irrigation+traditional fertilization),CY(traditional irrigation+reduced fertilization),WY(micro-irrigation+reduced fertilization)and CK(micro-irrigation+no fertilization).The distribution characteristics and leaching of ammonium nitrogen in soil profile were studied at different growth stages of tomato.The results showed that NH_(4)^(+)-N content in WY soil profile decreased by 53.34%,17.23%,39.78% and 21.86% compared with that of the CT treatmentin in the 40-60 cm soil layer at seedling stage,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer at flowering stage and 80-100 cm soil layer at three-spike fruit stage.The leaching loss of NH_(4)^(+)-N in the whole growth period of tomato under different treatments ranged from 0.66 to 1.57 kg/hm^(2),among which the leaching loss at the seedling stage accounted for more than 50% of the total leaching loss of the whole growth stage.The soil leaching solution was only collected at the seedling and flowering stages under WY treatment.The leaching loss of NH_(4)^(+)-N under the WY treatment decreased by 57.89% compared with that of the CT treatment during the whole growth period.At the same time,the water use efficiency(81.19 kg/m^(3))of the micro-irrigation was about twice of that under the traditional irrigation,but the tomato yield was not affected.Therefore,considering the factors of tomato yield,ammonium nitrogen leaching,water and nitrogen resource input,we recommend micro-irrigation with reduced fertilization as a water and fertilizer management model for protected vegetable cultivation to promote sustainable agricultural development.

关 键 词：设施菜田 铵态氮 微润灌溉 减量施肥 淋失 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学]