玉米液态追肥除草机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of liquid topdressing and weeding machine for maize

作　　者：赵建国[1] 赵超凡 李浩 齐浩凯 马跃进[1] 卢占喜 ZHAO Jianguo;ZHAO Chaofan;LI Hao;QI Haokai;MA Yuejin;LU Zhanxi(College of mechanical and electrical engineering,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei ShuangTian Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Dingzhou 073099,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学机电工程学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北双天机械制造有限公司,河北定州073099

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2022年第6期130-138,共9页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200607)。

摘　　要：为实现玉米中后期追肥、行间机械除草,设计了1种高地隙可调式玉米液态追肥除草一体机,该机具主要由施肥机构、除草机构、镇压机构组成。追肥除草机可完成开沟、施肥、除草、覆土复式作业,能实现玉米根部双侧深施液态肥、精量排肥及除草轮转速调节。通过EDEM离散元仿真分析并结合Design-Expert软件对除草轮结构进行了优化设计,得出除草轮刀片的优化参数:焊接角度0°,刀齿厚度为3 mm,刀齿宽度为40 mm,对除草轮刀片最优结构的三维模型进行EDEM仿真分析,并利用Ansys Workbench进行静力学分析,得出工作过程中其最大变形量为0.161 mm,最大应力为11.392 MPa,远小于材料的许用应力(150~286 MPa),满足设计要求。田间试验表明:施肥量偏差平均为2.13%、排肥量稳定性变异系数为1.01%,各行排肥量一致性变异系数为3.45%;平均除草率为93.91%,平均伤苗率为2.47%,均符合农艺要求。In order to realize topdressing and mechanical weeding in the middle and late stage of maize,a kind of high gap adjustable liquid topdressing and weeding machine for maize was designed,which was mainly composed of fertilization mechanism,weeding mechanism and pressing mechanism.The topdressing and weeding machine can complete the multiple operations of ditching,fertilizing,weeding and covering soil.It can realize the deep application of liquid fertilizer on both sides of the corn root,the precise discharge of fertilizer and the speed adjustment of weeding wheel.Through EDEM discrete element simulation analysis and design expert software,the structure of weeding wheel was optimized.The optimal parameters of weeding wheel blade were obtained:weeding angle is 0°,blade thickness is 3 mm,blade width is 40 mm.The three-dimensional model of the optimal structure of weeding wheel blade was simulated by EDEM and analyzed by ANSYS workbench,the maximum deformation was 0.161 mm and the maximum stress was 11.392 MPa,which was far less than the allowable stress(150-286 MPa)of the material and met the design requirements.The results of field experiment showed that the average deviation of fertilizer amount was 2.13%,the coefficient of variation of stability of fertilizer amount was 1.01%,the coefficient of variation of consistency of fertilizer amount of each row was 3.45%,the average weeding rate was 93.91%,and the average seedling injury rate was 2.47%,which met the agronomic requirements.

关 键 词：追肥除草机 液体肥 双侧施肥 机械除草 田间试验 

分 类 号：S224.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]