2021年郑州市“7·20”特大暴雨降水极端特征分析  

Analysis on Extreme Characteristics of Zhengzhou Heavy Rainfall Event on 20 July 2021

作　　者：侯鹏敏 朱业玉[1,3] 左璇[1,3] 郭冰芳[3] Hou Pengmin;Zhu Yeyu;Zuo Xuan;Guo Bingfang(CMA·Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Huaxian Meteorological Station of Henan Province,Huaxian 456400,China;Henan Provincial Climate Center,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003 [2]滑县气象局,河南滑县456400 [3]河南省气候中心,郑州450003

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2022年第6期25-33,共9页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局2022年气象软科学研究项目(2022ZDAXM02);中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室应用技术研究基金项目(KM202006)。

摘　　要：利用郑州主城区气象观测站逐时降水资料,对2021年“7·20”极端暴雨过程中降水历时变化、时空分布和极端特征进行综合分析,并对郑州主城区城市内涝积水情景进行模拟分析。结果表明:(1)“7·20”极端暴雨过程中,郑州主城区过程总降水量和最大3 h降水量均表现为从西南部向东北部递减,西部降水量整体高于东部的。降水量峰值位于市区西南部。(2)研究范围内所有观测站点均达到特大暴雨标准和极端短时强降水标准。过程降水强度在7月20日下午达到了时间与空间上的高度集中。短时强降水中心在空间上呈现从西向东的动态迁移特征。(3)各站点连续降水时间均超过24 h,超半数站点最长连续降水时间达45-50 h;各观测站最大3 h降水效率极高。表明研究范围内发生的是长历时、高强度的极端降水。(4)由于主城区东部、西北部连续降水时间高度集中,加之主城区呈现西高东低的地势特点,内涝积水情景模拟显示主城区东部的内涝积水相对更为严重。Based on hourly precipitation data from meteorological observation stations in Zhengzhou city, the characteristics of precipitation variation, spatial-temporal distribution and extremity of the 20 July, 2021 extreme rainstorm in Zhengzhou are comprehensively analyzed, and the urban waterlogging scenario of Zhengzhou main urban area is simulated and analyzed as well. The results show that:(1)During the 20 July extreme rainstorm, both the total rainfall and the maximum 3 h rainfall in the main urban area of Zhengzhou decreased from the southwest to the northeast, and the western part of the city had an overall higher rainfall than the eastern part. The rainfall peak appeared in the southwest of the urban area.(2)The precipitation at all observation stations in the study area reached the standards of extremely severe rainstorm and extreme short-time heavy rainfall. The precipitation intensity reached a high concentration in time and space in the afternoon of the 20th.The peak values of rainfall intensity center presented the characteristics of dynamic migration from west to east in spatial distribution.(3)The continuous precipitation time at each station exceeded 24 hours, the longest continuous precipitation period at more than half of the stations reached 45-50 hours. The maximum 3 h precipitation efficiency of every observation station was very high, which indicates that the precipitation that occurred in the study area was extremely heavy precipitation with long duration and high intensity.(4)Due to the high concentration of continuous precipitation time in the east and northwest of Zhengzhou City, and the terrain of the main urban area being high in the west and low in the east, the waterlogging scenario simulation shows that the waterlogging in the east of Zhengzhou city was more serious than in other areas.

关 键 词：郑州主城区 强降水 时空分布 极端特征 暴雨内涝 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]