我国生态补偿机制实施面临的主要难题及解决对策  

Main Problems Facing the Implementation of Ecological Compensation Mechanism in China and Countermeasures

作　　者：成德宁[1] 侯伟丽[2] CHENG Dening;HOU Weili(Center for Economic Development Research,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China;Population,Resources and Environment Research Center,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济发展研究中心,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学人口、资源与环境经济研究中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2022年第6期89-96,共8页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“基于信息技术的我国农业产业链治理模式及政策设计”,项目编号:20YJA790005。

摘　　要：生态补偿机制是通过调整生态环境保护主体间的利益关系,将生态环境的外部性内部化,是实现“绿水青山”转变为“金山银山”的一种制度安排。构建生态补偿机制是推动我国绿色发展、生态文明制度建设的一项重要内容。在我国生态补偿机制实施过程中,目前还面临以下三大难题:一是如何界定生态受益方和受损方,解决“谁来补、补给谁”的问题;二是如何评估生态补偿相关利益主体受益和受损的程度,如何确定生态补偿的标准,解决“补多少”的问题;三是如何优化生态补偿方式,解决“怎么补”的问题。为了完善生态补偿机制,我国需要进一步完善自然资源产权制度,建立和完善市场化的产权交易机制,完善生态补偿标准确定方法,推动生态补偿方式多元化。The ecological compensation mechanism is an institutional arrangement that adjusts the interest relationship between the stakeholders, internalizes the externalities of the ecological environment and transforms “green mountains and clear waters” into “mountains of gold and silver”. Building an ecological compensation mechanism is an important part of promoting the green development model and the construction of an ecological civilization system in China. In the process of implementing the ecological compensation mechanism in China, the following three difficult problems are still faced. The first is how to define the beneficiaries and the losers, and solve the problem of “who will compensate and who will be compensated”. The second is how to evaluate the extent of benefits and damages of the stakeholders, how to determine the standard of ecological compensation, and solve the problem of “how much to compensate”. The third is how to optimize the ecological compensation method and solve the problem of “how to compensate”. In order to improve the ecological compensation mechanism, China needs to further improve the natural resource property rights system, establish and improve a market-oriented property rights transaction mechanism, improve the method of determining ecological compensation standards, and promote the diversification of ecological compensation methods.

关 键 词：生态补偿机制 自然资源产权 生态价值评估 绿色发展 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]