碳酸盐岩成岩作用研究进展  

Research progress of carbonate rock diagenesis

作　　者：李峰峰 叶禹 余义常 郭睿[1] Li Fengfeng;Ye Yu;Yu Yichang;Guo Rui(Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetrolChina,Beijing 100083,China;CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited,Beijing 102206,China;China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company Ltd.,Beijing 100034,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司,北京102206 [3]中国石油国际勘探开发公司,北京100034

出　　处：《地质科技通报》2023年第1期170-190,共21页Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology

基　　金：中国石油科技重大专项(2021DJ3202;2022DJ3211)。

摘　　要：成岩作用是碳酸盐岩储层的重要成因之一,也是控制碳酸盐岩储层评价和预测的重要地质因素。首先概括了碳酸盐岩成岩研究的技术方法,重点剖析了溶蚀作用、白云石化作用、胶结作用、新生变形作用、硅化作用、压实作用和压溶作用的成岩机理及最新认识,归纳总结了生物扰动、构造破裂、烃类充注及微生物等成岩作用的辅助因素。碳酸盐岩成岩作用研究对象从礁滩和微生物岩逐步拓展到潟湖、混积岩及冷水沉积等领域。分析了构造-层序控制下成岩环境和成岩作用的演变,根据沉积能量和成岩性质划分出5种沉积环境-成岩作用组合。碳酸盐岩成岩作用研究存在问题包括:成岩模拟系统与真实地层环境差异大;成岩术语不规范、成岩模式理想化和单一化;潟湖、深水和冷水等非常规碳酸盐岩研究程度低;成岩作用的双刃性及对储层改造的定量化研究不足。指出了碳酸盐岩成岩作用研究的发展趋势:通过结合地层埋藏史,实验模拟方法将逐步趋向真实埋藏环境,成岩模拟软件不断实现模块集成化和智能化;成岩模式更加精细且更具针对性,成岩作用对储层的改造实现定量化研究;非常规碳酸盐岩成岩机理研究更加健全。Diagenesis is one of the important genesis of carbonate reservoirs, and it is also an important geological factor for the evaluation and prediction of carbonate reservoirs. First, the research methods of carbonate diagenesis were summarized, and the diagenesis mechanism and latest understandings of dissolution, dolomitization, cementation, neomorphism, silicification, compaction and pressolution were analyzed, and the auxiliary diagenesis factors such as bioturbation, tectonic disruption, hydrocarbon charging and micro-organisms were summarized. The evolution of the diagenetic environment under the control of tectonic-sequence were analyzed, and five sedimentary-diagenetic combinations were classified according to the sedimentary energy and diagenetic properties. Several issues needed to be improved in diagenetic research of carbonate reservoirs, which include: the diagenesis simulation system was different from the real stratigraphic environment;Diagenesis terminology was not standardized, and diagenesis mode was idealized and simplified;Lagoon, deep water and cold water and other unconventional carbonate diagenesis were in a low research degree;The double-edged influence of diagenesis on reservoirs and the quantitative research on reservoir reforms are insufficient. The development trend of carbonate diagenesis research include: by combining the history of stratum burial, the experimental simulation method will gradually move towards the real burial environment, and the diagenesis simulation software will continue to achieve modular integration and intelligence;The diagenesis model will be more refined and targeted, and the diagenesis can achieve quantitative research on the transformation of the reservoir;Research on the diagenesis mechanism of unconventional carbonate rocks will be more complete.

关 键 词：成岩作用 碳酸盐岩 溶蚀作用 白云石化作用 成岩模式 

分 类 号：P588.24[天文地球—岩石学]