业务过失犯罪的实践检视与理论反思——以重大责任事故罪为研究视角  

Practice Inspection and Theoretical Reflection on Professional Negligence Crime——Taking the Crime of Major Liability Accident as the Research Perspective

作　　者：周振杰 李泽华 Zhou Zhenjie;Li Zehua

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院,北京100032

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2022年第12期51-61,共11页Henan Social Sciences

摘　　要：刑法理论的发展不但需要实现体系内部的自洽,更需要应对由社会发展所引发的司法实践问题。随着生产经营中技术手段的复杂化与分工的精细化,继续坚持传统过失理论的预见可能性标准,强调对行为人的个别化考察以及具体的预见可能性,业务类过失犯罪将面临行为人的预见可能性难以判断的情况,进而引发入罪难的问题。实证研究也证明,基层司法机关在审理重大责任事故罪时,在入罪压力之下普遍存在单纯客观归罪的情况,违反刑法的责任主义原则。为此有必要通过引入抽象的预见可能性判断方法,以降低基层司法机关的论证难度并激发其论证的积极性,确保主观要素与客观要素统一纳入责任认定的过程中,从而构建出有真正实践生命力的判断方法,实现学术理论对于司法实践的有效指导,真正保障责任主义与法治精神得到遵守。The development of criminal law theory not only needs to realize the self perfection within the system,but also needs to deal with the judicial practice problems caused by social development. With the complexity of technical means and the refinement of division of labor in production and operation,we continue to adhere to the standard of foreseeability of traditional negligence theory,and emphasize the individual investigation of the actor and the specific foreseeability. Business negligent crimes will face the situation that it is difficult to judge the foreseeability of the actor,which will lead to the problem of being difficult to commit.The empirical research also proves that when the grass-roots judicial organs try the crime of major accidents,under the pressure of incrimination,there is a general situation of simple objective culpability,which violates the principle of criminal liability. Therefore,it is necessary to introduce an abstract method of judging the possibility of foresight to reduce the difficulty and stimulate the enthusiasm of the grass-roots judicial authorities, and ensure that the subjective and objective elements are integrated into the process of responsibility determination. Build a judgment method with real practical vitality,realize the effective guidance of academic theories for judicial practice,and truly ensure that the spirit of accountability and rule of law are observed.

关 键 词：业务过失 重大责任事故罪 预见可能性 实证分析 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]