2022年江西异常高温特征分析及适应性对策  

Characteristic Analysis of Abnormal High Temperature in 2022 and Adaptive Strategies Research in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：许彬 罗少华[1] 占明锦 曹毅 XU Bin;LUO Shaohua;ZHAN Mingjin;CAO Yi(Jiangxi Climate Change Center,Nanchang 330096,China;Jiangxi Ecological Meteorological Center,Nanchang 330096,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省气候中心,南昌330096 [2]江西省生态气象中心,南昌330096

出　　处：《能源研究与管理》2022年第4期42-47,共6页Energy Research and Management

基　　金：江西省气象局重点项目“江西省气候图集精细化技术方法研究”(JX2020Z18);江西气象局重点项目“九江气候适应型城市建设气象保障能力研究”。

摘　　要：全球变暖导致极端高温事件频繁发生,给人类社会带来了巨大的影响。为研究气候变化背景下江西省高温的变化情况,基于1961-2022年江西省91个气象站气温数据,分析了2022年江西高温的时空分布特征、极端性及盛夏高温的气候变化特征。结果显示,2022年高温的持续日数、覆盖范围以及综合强度等多项强度指标突破历史极值;盛夏江西平均气温、最高气温和最低气温均呈升高的变化趋势,增长率分别为0.08℃/10 a、0.04℃/10 a和0.17℃/10 a,表明高温热浪事件的发生频率在增加,气温日较差在缩小,暖夜出现的概率在增大,从而导致“白+黑”的复合型高温天气增多,对供电需求不断加大,对人体健康也产生严重威胁。建议牢固树立“高温就是灾害”的认识,加强高温天气发生规律、气候变化和气象灾害发生机制等基础研究,重视高温预警信号的应急联动响应;完善高温灾害能源应急保障机制,加强与周边相关省市的能源保障衔接,构建稳定安全的能源保障体系;在城市规划、建设、运行中充分考虑气象风险和气候承载力,完善城市建筑、绿地、道路及其它公共空间的统筹规划,打通城市通风廊道,增加城市的空气流动性,减轻城市“热岛效应”。Under the background of global warming, the high temperature events occur frequently, which has brought great impact to human society. In order to study the change of high temperature events in Jiangxi province, based on the daily maximum temperature data from 91 weather stations in Jiangxi province from 1961 to 2022, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, the climate change characteristics and the extremities of the high temperature in 2022 in Jiangxi province were analyzed. The results showed thatthe duration, coverage and comprehensive strength of high temperature had broken through the historical extreme value in 2022. In midsummer(the July and August), the average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature in Jiangxi all showed an increasing trend, with growth rates of 0.08 ℃/10 years,0.04 ℃/10 years and 0.17 ℃/10 years respectively. This change trend reflected that the frequency of high temperature heat wave events was increasing. At the same time, it would lead to the further reduction of the daily temperature range.The probability of warm nights further increases, leading to the increase of "white+black" composite high temperature events. The demand for power supply would continue to increase. And it also poses a serious threat to human health. Therefore, we must take more effective measures to tackle climate change. Firstly, it is suggested to strengthen the mechanism research and early warning linkage response of the high temperature events. We should firmly establish the understanding that "high temperature events is a disaster". We should strengthen basic research on the characteristics of high temperature weather, climate change and the mechanism of meteorological disasters. Secondly, we should improve the energy emergency security mechanism for high temperature events. Strengthening the energy security connection with surrounding provinces and cities will help to build a stable and safe energy security system. Thirdly, meteorological disaster risks and climate car

关 键 词：江西省 异常高温 气候特征分析 适应性对策 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]