法定共同财产制下夫妻个人债务的范围确定及其清偿顺位--以“等额说”为中心  

The Determination of the Scope of Spouses’Personal Debt and Its Settlement under the Statutory Community Property System——Centered on the“Equal Amount”Theory

作　　者：胡天昊 Hu Tianhao(Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200050)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200050

出　　处：《嘉兴学院学报》2023年第1期113-120,共8页Journal of Jiaxing University

基　　金：华东政法大学研究生创新能力培养专项资金项目(2022-3-040)。

摘　　要：我国对夫妻个人债务清偿与执行问题的关怀极其有限。法定共同财产制下,夫妻个人债务清偿与执行的内在困境主要表现为:难寻债权人与非举债方利益的平衡点;扩展的夫妻个债与限缩的债务人“个人财产”之间的抵牾;执行夫妻个人债务的实务分歧。有必要调整夫妻个债的责任财产范围。饱受各界诟病的“否定说”和夫妻债务三分法下的“融合说”并不妥当,“份额说”和“肯定说”已遭我国立法摒弃,“等额说”是可行方案。夫妻个债强制执行“债务人的个人财产+二分之一的夫妻共同财产”时,根据执行的形式化原则,可无优先顺序地径行执行责任财产;共同财产制终止后原则上不能执行非举债方财产,考虑到财产情况的复杂性亦存在例外情形。There's only limited care for the settlement and the enforcement of individual spousal debt in China.Under the statutory community property regime,the inherent dilemmas of the settlement and enforcement of individual spousal debt are mainly manifested as the follows:the difficulty of finding the balance between the interests of creditors and non-debtors,the conflict between the extended individual spousal debt and the restricted“personal property”of the debtor,and the practical differences in the enforcement of individual spousal debt.It is necessary to adjust the scope of the liable property of a spouse's personal debt.The“negation”theory and the“fusion”theory with the three-division method of spousal debt have been criticized by all circles,and the“share”theory and the“affirmation”theory have been discarded by China's legislation,so the“equal amount”theory is a feasible solution.When enforcing“the debtor's personal property+one-half of the couple's common property”,according to the principle of formalization of enforcement,the liable property can be enforced directly without priority;after the termination of community property,in principle,the property of the non-debtor cannot be enforced,but considering the complexity of the property situation,there are also exceptions.

关 键 词：共同财产制 夫妻个人债务 责任财产 强制执行 

分 类 号：D923.904[政治法律—民商法学]