儿童变应性鼻炎675例临床特征和过敏原分析  

CLINICAL FEATURES AND ALLERGENS OF CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS: AN ANALYSIS OF 675 CASES

作　　者：唐龙 姜彦[1] TANG Long;JIANG Yan(Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qing-dao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,山东青岛266003 [2]济宁市兖州区人民医院耳鼻咽喉科

出　　处：《青岛大学学报（医学版）》2022年第6期860-864,共5页Journal of Qingdao University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2016WS0268)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨济宁地区儿童变应性鼻炎的临床特征以及常见特应性变应原分布特征。方法 回顾性分析2017年7月—2019年9月就诊于兖州区中医院、济宁市第一人民医院、微山县人民医院、泗水县人民医院耳鼻咽喉科门诊的675例儿童变应性鼻炎的临床资料,总结其临床表现及血清特异性变应原分布特征。结果 675例变应性鼻炎病儿,男女比例为1.1∶1,其中428例(63.41%)居住于城市;最常见的临床症状为喷嚏,中重度者占比较高(62.1%)。检出率居前3位的吸入性过敏原为粉尘螨/屋尘螨(61.06%)、屋尘(49.09%)、苦艾/艾蒿/豚草(18.94%),检出率居前3位的食物性过敏原为蛋清/蛋黄(25.00%)、牛奶(14.70%)、虾/蟹/扇贝(7.42%)。学龄前组病儿吸入性过敏原检出率最高(74.92%),婴幼儿组食物性过敏原检出率最高(60.29%)。婴幼儿组伴发特应性皮炎的比例较学龄组和学龄前组高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.359,P<0.05)。结论 济宁地区变应性鼻炎病儿多数居住于城市,喷嚏为最常见的临床症状,中重度者占比偏高,婴幼儿组伴发特应性皮炎比例较高。检出率较高的吸入性过敏原为粉尘螨/屋尘螨、屋尘,检出率较高的食物性过敏原为蛋清/蛋黄、牛奶。Objective To investigate the clinical features of children with allergic rhinitis(AR) and the distribution of common specific allergens in Jining area, China. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 675 children with AR who attended the outpatient service of Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Yanzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Jining, Weishan People’s Hospital, and Sishui People’s Hospital from July 2017 to September 2019, and related features were summarized, including clinical manifestations and the distribution of serum specific allergens. Results For the 675 children with AR, the male/female ratio was 1.1∶1, and 428(63.41%) of these children lived in cities;sneeze was the most common clinical symptom, and the children with moderate-to-severe AR accounted for 62.1%. The top three inhaled allergens in terms of detection rate were Dermatophagoides farina/Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(61.06%), house dust(49.09%), and wormwood/mugwort/ragweed(18.94%), and the top three food allergens in terms of detection rate were egg white/yolk(25.00%), milk(14.70%), and shrimp/crab/scallop(7.42%). The preschool group had the highest detection rate of inhaled allergens(74.92%), and the infant group had the highest detection rate of food allergens(60.29%). The infant group had a significantly higher proportion of children with atopic dermatitis than the school-aged group and the preschool group(χ^(2)=13.359,P<0.05). Conclusion Most children with AR in Jining area live in cities, with sneeze as the most common clinical symptom and a relatively high proportion of children with moderate-to-severe AR, and there is a relatively high proportion of children with atopic dermatitis among infants. Inhaled allergens with a high detection rate include Dermatophagoides farina/Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and house dust, and food allergens with a high detection rate include egg white/yolk and milk.

关 键 词：鼻炎 变应性 常年性 儿童 变应原 疾病特征 皮炎 特应性 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]