青岛市西海岸新区2016-2020年院前急救流行病学特点  

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PRE-HOSPITAL FIRST AID IN THE WEST COAST NEW AREA OF QINGDAO, CHINA, 2016-2020

作　　者：于家盛 刘玉娟[3] 于瑶[1] 胡松[1] 顾梦雅 邢昂[1] YU Jiasheng;LIU Yujuan;YU Yao;HU Song;GU Mengya;XING Ang(Department of Geriatrics,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学附属医院老年医学科,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛市西海岸新区薛家岛街道社区卫生服务中心 [3]青岛大学附属妇女儿童医院营养科

出　　处：《青岛大学学报（医学版）》2022年第6期901-906,共6页Journal of Qingdao University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：山东省软科学一般项目(2020RKB01782)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨青岛市西海岸新区2016—2020年院前急救系统疾病谱分布及流行病学特点。方法 采用回顾性分析方法,对青岛市西海岸新区2016—2020年所有急救电子病历进行收集整理,对病人的性别、年龄、疾病谱、出诊高峰时点等指标进行流行病学分析。结果 病人男女比例为1.51∶1。经雷氏检验,推算出一天内出诊高峰时点为21:24,一年内出诊高峰日期为11月3日。不同年份和季节以及不同年份和月份的出诊人次比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=143.27、369.26,P<0.05)。疾病谱前3位疾病为:创伤类疾病(42.95%)、其他类疾病(14.86%)和神经系统疾病(12.42%)。创伤类疾病中,主要致伤因素为车祸伤(56.09%)。创伤类疾病和神经系统疾病均以男性病人居多,两种疾病病人性别比较差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=238.51,P<0.05);轻症、重症与死亡病人的性别分布也存在差异(χ^(2)=175.05,P<0.05)。结论 西海岸新区院前急救疾病谱中排首位的为创伤类疾病;创伤与神经系统疾病,轻、重症与死亡病人间存在性别差异;不同时间段内的出诊人次存在差异。当地院前急救系统可据此针对性地改进提升,提高急救效率。Objective To investigate the disease spectrum distribution and epidemiological features of pre-hospital first aid in The West Coast New Area of Qingdao, China, in 2016—2020. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the emergency electronic medical records in The West Coast New Area of Qingdao in 2016—2020, and an epidemiological analysis was conducted for related indicators such as sex, age, disease spectrum, and peak time of visits. Results The male/female ratio was 1.51∶1. Calculation based on the Rayleigh’s test showed that the peak time of visits during the day was 21:24, and the peak time of visits within one year was November 3. There was a significant difference in the number of visits between different years and seasons and between different years and months(χ^(2)=143.27,369.26;P<0.05). The top three diseases in the disease spectrum were trauma diseases(42.95%), other types of diseases(14.86%), and nervous system diseases(12.42%), and among the trauma di-seases, traffic accident(56.09%) was the main injury factor. Male patients accounted for a relatively high proportion in trauma di-seases and nervous system diseases, and there was a significant difference in sex ratio between these two types of diseases(χ^(2)=238.51,P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in sex distribution between the patients with mild/severe disease and the patients who died(χ^(2)=175.05,P<0.05). Conclusion Trauma diseases rank first in the disease spectrum of pre-hospital first aid in The West Coast New Area. Sex difference is observed between trauma and nervous system diseases, as well as between the patients with mild/severe disease and the patients who died. There is also a significant difference in the number of visits between different periods of time. The local pre-hospital first aid system can be improved accordingly to improve the efficiency of first aid.

关 键 词：急救医疗服务 疾病谱 流行病学研究 青岛 

分 类 号：R459.7[医药卫生—急诊医学] R181.2[医药卫生—治疗学]