聚合物对DNAN及其熔铸炸药力学性能的影响  

Effect of Polymers on Mechanical Properties of DNAN and Its Melt⁃cast Explosives

作　　者：张蒙蒙[1] 王红星[1] 崔学谨 李秉擘 方学谦 罗一鸣[1,3] ZHANG Meng-meng;WANG Hong-xing;CUI Xue-jin;LI Bing-bo;FANG Xue-qian;LUO Yi-ming(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China;Liaoyang Military Representative Office of Army Equipment Department,Liaoyang 111000,China;Rocket Force University of Engineering,Xi′an 710025,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [2]陆军装备部驻辽阳地区军事代表室,辽宁辽阳111000 [3]火箭军工程大学,陕西西安710025

出　　处：《含能材料》2023年第1期41-47,共7页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：为了研究聚烃、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚醚各类聚合物对2,4⁃二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)及其混合炸药力学性能的影响规律,采用X射线无损检测法研究了微晶蜡(WAX)、聚异丁烯(PIB)、聚丁二酸丁二醇(PBS)、聚己二酸己二胺(PA)、聚3,3,⁃二(硝酸酯基甲基)氧丁环(PBNMO)与DNAN的物理互熔性;通过显微镜观测含聚合物试样的凝固过程,分析了试样在凝固过程中的结晶特征,计算了样品的凝固线速率;在优选的聚合物基础上,采用材料试验机研究了聚合物含量对DNAN及混合炸药力学强度影响规律;分析了聚合物对DNAN及DNAN基混合炸药力学性强化机理。结果表明,与DNAN分子具有氢键或π键作用的PBS、PA、PBNMO可与DNAN试样良好互熔;可熔聚合物的加入使DNAN结晶固液界面平滑,凝固线速率降低54%以上,其中PBNMO对DNAN结晶形貌及凝固线速率改善最为明显;PBNMO可显著提高DNAN及其混合炸药试样的力学性能,添加2%PBNMO可使混合炸药抗拉强度、抗剪强度提高100%以上;机理研究表明,可熔聚合物通过改善试样微观凝固形貌,形成“钢筋混凝土”结构,达到减少材料内部缺陷、提高裂纹生长阻力的效果进而增强DNAN基混合炸药力学性能。In order to study the effect of polymers such as polyolefin,polyester,polyurethane and polyether on the mechanical properties of DNAN and its mixed explosives,the physical miscibility of different polymers with DNAN was studied by X⁃ray test⁃ing,in which polymers were microcrystalline wax(WAX),polyisobutylene(PIB),polybutylene succinate(PBS),polyadipic ac⁃id hexanediamine(PA)and poly(3,3⁃di(nitrate ester methyl)oxybutyl)(PBNMO).The solidification process of the polymer⁃containing samples was observed by microscopic.The dynamic crystallization characteristics of the samples during so⁃lidification were analyzed,and the linear velocity of crystal growth was calculated.Based on the optimized polymer,the influ⁃ence of polymer content on the mechanical strength of DNAN and its mixed explosives was studied by material testing machine.The mechanical strengthening mechanism of polymer to DNAN and DNAN based explosives was analyzed.The results show that PBS,PA and PBNMO have good mutual solubility with DNAN under the action of hydrogen bonds orπbonds.The addi⁃tion of fusible polymer makes the solid⁃liquid interface of DNAN crystals smooth and the solidification linear velocity decreases by more than 54%.Among them,the PBNMO has the most obvious improvement on the crystal morphology and solidification linear velocity of DNAN.PBNMO could significantly improve the mechanical properties of DNAN and its based explosives,and the mechanical strength increases with the increase of polymer content.When the polymer PBNMO content was 2%,the tensile strength and shear strength of DNAN based explosives increase more than 100%.The mechanism study shows that the fusible polymer can improve the mechanical properties of DNAN⁃based explosives by improving the microstructure of the sample and forming the“reinforced concrete”structure to reduce the internal defects and improve the crack growth resistance.

关 键 词：含能材料 熔铸炸药 2 4⁃二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN) 力学增强 聚合物 DNTF 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]